考虑分布式能源差异性和需求灵活性的电能分级交易机制、模型与方法研究

With the increasing penetration of renewable distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks, its uncertain and variable output imposes significant challenges on the secure and economic operation of power systems. Exploiting market approach to correctly guide the decision-making behavior of the suppliers and users will become an effective way to overcome the aforementioned difficulty. However, the existing market mechanisms overlook the complementary and mutually beneficial relationship between flexible demand and uncertain DG and thus fail to encourage the local consumption of DG. Therefore, this project will propose a novel transactive market framework for the graded energy transaction considering the heterogeneity of DGs and flexibility of demand. Firstly, based on the probabilistic forecasting method and reliability assessment theory, uncertainty of DG will be modeled appropriately and classification method with respect to the reliability level will be proposed, and meanwhile the flexibility of user’s demand will be analyzed with the demand also being classified into different categories, and then a novel transaction mechanism will be established such that different classes of DGs can only trade with the corresponding categories of demand. Secondly, construct two market models based on social welfare maximization and dynamic game theoretical approaches, respectively, and then determine the conditions for the equivalence of the two models. Finally, using the primal-dual theory, an efficient distributed algorithm will be developed to solve the energy trading model under the circumstance of incomplete information exchange, and the convergence to the optimality will be proved based on the LaSalle’s invariance principle. This project will provide the theoretic basis and practical guidance for improving the renewable energy hosting capacity, enhancing the reliability of power systems and promoting the reform of the electricity market in distribution networks.

随着分布式可再生能源的渗透率不断提高，其出力不确定性和波动性给配电网安全与经济运行带来了巨大挑战。运用市场手段正确引导发电侧与用户侧的决策行为将成为解决上述困难的有效途径。然而，现有的市场机制未能考虑灵活性需求与不确定性分布式电源 (DG) 的互补互惠，导致无法实现需求就近消纳DG。因此，本课题拟提出考虑DG差异性和需求灵活性的电能分级交易市场架构。首先，基于概率预测方法和可靠性评估理论，建立DG的不确定性模型和提出可靠性等级划分方法，并对需求的灵活性进行分析归类，建立不同等级DG与对应类别需求相匹配的交易机制。其次，分别构建基于社会效用最大化和动态博弈的交易模型，并确立两者等效所需满足的条件。最后，采用原对偶理论,提出在非完全信息下求解上述模型的分布式算法，并通过拉萨尔不变原理验证算法的收敛性。本项目将为提高可再生能源消纳率、提升电力系统可靠性和推动配电网市场改革提供理论基础与实践指导。