基于卫星跟踪颈圈技术的野骆驼生境选择与迁移机制研究

Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) is a critically endangered species, which has high adaptability in extreme arid environments of Central Asia,.and received much attention because of its role as drivers of ecosystem processes. In recent years, mineral activity, road construction and livestock development have been increasing, which caused habitat loss and fragmentation of wild camel population. It’s urgent to focus on migration strategy and its response to habitat fragmentation under human disturbance. As field observation is not convenient, distribution and habitat is not clear, it is difficult to make proper conservation and management strategies for wild camel. Satellite tracking collars will be used to obtain the movement data both spatial and temporal. For the key factors analysis, factors that limit and influence wild camels’ migration, including vegetation, water, rest, interspecific interaction and human disturbance will be considered. How anthropogenic development affect the wild camel migration will be examined. And conservation and management strategies of population and habitat will be made based on the understanding of migration strategy and driven mechanism of wild camels. Using the Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM), we aim that: (1) provides a probabilistic estimate of the migration routes of a sampled population, (2) distinguishes between route segments that function as stopover sites vs. those used primarily as movement corridors, and (3) prioritizes key habitats for conservation based upon the proportion of the sampled population that uses them. By this study, population dynamic and ecological adaptation to desert environment of wild camel will be understood further.

野骆驼是我国西北荒漠生态系统的重要指示物种，由于野外观测困难、基础数据缺乏、分布动态不清、生境需求不明等问题的存在，给该物种保护策略的制定带来了困难。本研究将利用卫星跟踪颈圈获取野骆驼活动的时空数据，运用布朗桥运动模型精确识别库姆塔格沙漠地区野骆驼的生境，包括迁移活动路线和停歇地，获取该地区野骆驼相对完整的迁移网络；选取食物、水源、卧息、种群间互相作用和人为干扰等限制和影响野骆驼迁移活动的关键因素，进行野骆驼生境关键因素特征和动态变化分析；结合野骆驼迁移活动规律和生境关键因素特征，进行生境格局季节性变化综合评估和迁移驱动分析，从不同的时间尺度上，理解野骆驼的生境需求，实现关键威胁因子和敏感区甄别，确定优先和重点保护生境区域，探索人为干扰下库姆塔格沙漠地区野骆驼迁移活动的驱动机制，提出景观水平的野骆驼种群及其生境保护管理对策。