自掺杂聚合物储钠正极材料的电化学性能研究

Currently, lithium-ion batteries are considered to be the ideal choice as energy storage devices for next-generation electric vehicles and renewable power stations due to its high energy density. However, the Li-ion battery has intrinsic problems of, cost, safety and natural shortage of lithium resources. In contrast, sodium compounds seem to be superiority. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop Na-ion batteries for large scale energy storage. However, it is very difficult to enhance the energy density of Na-ion battery due to the low utilization of the present materials. The redox-active polymers seem to be an attractive candidate for such new batteries, because of their advantages of structural diversity, rich resources and environmentally benign. In this item, we propose here a new material design by self-doping the redox polymers with an ionizable sodium organic salt, thus changing the redox reaction mechanism of the polymers from conventional p-doping–dedoping processes of large electrolyte anions to the insertion-extraction reactions of small Na+ cations. In addition, this method could be easily adapted to a wide range of polymer structures for developing high capacity Na-host cathodes, thus enabling low cost, environmentally benign Na-ion batteries for wide-spread energy storage applications.

目前，锂离子电池以其高能量密度被认为是下一代电动汽车以及储能电站等应用的理想选择。但锂离子电池存在成本较高、锂资源短缺等问题，相比而言，钠离子电池更具优势，因此，发展高性能、低成本的钠离子电池是解决大规模储能的有效途径。由于受到正极材料结构的限制，进一步提高钠离子电池的能量密度和功率密度十分困难。而有机聚合具有结构多样、资源丰富、环境友好等特点，因此，本项目拟采用本身含有与链段共轭的抗衡离子的自掺杂聚合物作为钠离子正极材料，其氧化还原机理应该是小阳离子的脱-嵌机理。该项目不仅真正实现了聚合物 p-型充放电过程从电解液中大的阴离子掺杂和脱杂到小阳离子脱-嵌的转变，从根本上提高聚合物的掺杂度，而且为发展其他具有高性能钠离子电池新型电极材料提供理论依据，为真正实现商业化的钠离子电池提供解决思路。

目前，锂离子电池以其高能量密度被认为是下一代电动汽车以及储能电站等应用的理想选择。但锂离子电池存在成本较高、锂资源短缺等问题，相比而言，钠离子电池更具优势，因此，发展高性能、低成本的钠离子电池是解决大规模储能的有效途径。由于受到正极材料结构的限制，进一步提高钠离子电池的能量密度和功率密度十分困难。而有机聚合具有结构多样、资源丰富、环境友好等特点，因此，探索和发展新的储能材料及其储能机理，是钠离子电池电极材料的研究重点。本课题在前期实验基础上，拟从应用基础研究的角度出发，发展自掺杂聚合物新型电池材料，突破传统聚合物正极仅是p-掺杂机理的局限，设计合成更多具有优异电化学性能的自掺杂聚合物，为发展具有高性能钠离子电池新型电极材料提供可靠途径；探索自掺杂聚合物作为钠离子电池材料的性能和充放电机理，为发展高性能钠离子电池新型正极材料提供理论指导，为真正实现商业化的钠离子电池提供解决思路。

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