面向自动驾驶的车联网高效通信机制研究

Automated driving has become one of the most popular research areas. The "listening" technology based on wireless communication and positioning, and the "observing" technology based on video recognition are the premise and the key of automated driving. Automated driving should sense traffic conditions and interact with surroundings real time, which needs very low-latency and very high reliable communication mechanisms. Due to the long delay of access and transmission, traditional communication solutions in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) cannot satisfy the needs of automated driving. The proposed project aims to research three basic communication problems of automated driving: 1) Real-time access and data transmission for large-scale vehicular network. 2) Reliable real-time broadcast for emergency message. 3) Low-latency delivery for bulk data. .The expected research results are as follows. 1) A new communication scheme integrating OFDMA and TDMA to support real-time access and transmission in large-scale vehicular network will be proposed. 2) A new mechanism based on adaptive forwarding and indirect acknowledgement to support reliable real-time broadcast of emergency safety messages will be presented. 3) A novel solution based on streamed transmission to support low delay transmission of bulk data will be developed. The proposed schemes can achieve millisecond-level access, reliable real-time broadcast, and low delivery delay, and can be used as alternative communication schemes for automated driving. Particularly, this research will present a universal method for the low-latency broadcast communication, and provide reference and result for the related research.

自动驾驶汽车已经成为最热门的研究领域之一。基于“听”即无线通信与定位的技术和基于“看”即视频识别的技术是实现自动驾驶的前提和核心。自动驾驶汽车需要实时感知行车环境信息并与环境进行实时交互，需要低延迟、高可靠通信技术作支撑。传统的车联网通信方案因接入和传输延迟大，不能满足自动驾驶需求。本项目针对自动驾驶的基本通信问题开展研究，内容包括大规模车辆实时接入与信息发送、紧急信息实时可靠广播、长数据低延迟投递三个方面。预期研究结果包括：提出融合OFDMA和TDMA、支持大规模终端实时接入与传输的新机制；提出基于自适应转发和隐式应答、支持驾驶安全类紧急短信息实时可靠广播的新方法；提出基于流式传输、支持长数据低延迟投递的新方案。这些机制具有毫秒级接入、实时可靠广播、低延迟投递的性能，可作为自动驾驶车辆的可选通信方案。尤其是为网络中的低延迟广播通信提供一种普适性方法，为相关研究提供可借鉴的方法和结果。