丁腈橡胶基纳米复合材料水润滑尾轴承的摩擦学行为与机理研究

With the ship water lubricated rubber stern bearing at start/stop or low speed, the stern bearing and shaft are under the conditions of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication, when friction vibration and noise are easily produced by the stick-sliding phenomenon. In the exploration of new materials of ship water lubricated rubber stern bearing, with the excellent structure and performance compared with traditional rubber composites, the rubber based nanocomposites is playing an increasingly important role, which is a most suitable candidate of the dominant material for the next generation of water lubricated stern bearing. In this research project, a kind of nitrile rubber nanocomposites was fabricated by mixed moulding of the blending rubber of nitrile rubber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and the powders of nano-graphite, nano-zinc oxide, nano-SiO2 and nano-MoS2 will be utilized, which are the main filler and auxiliary materials respectively. And with the nanocomposites, as well as the water lubricated stern bearing witch made of this material as the object, the stick-sliding phenomenon of the nitrile rubber based nanocomposites water lubricated stern bearing can be observed by microscopic analysis and machine vision technology. Through the characterization and analysis of the vulcanization properties, interface bonding and mechanical performance of the composite materials, and the investigation of the effect of nanoparticles for the enhancement and tribological properties of the rubber, a quantitative relationship between the structure of the rubber based nanocomposites and its tribological performance will be established, thus to provide theoretical supports for friction vibration suppression and noise reduction of stern bearings.

舰船水润滑橡胶尾轴承在启动、停机和低速运转时，尾轴承与尾轴处于边界润滑或混合润滑状况，极易产生粘–滑现象引起的摩擦振动与噪声，在水润滑橡胶尾轴承新型材料的探索中，橡胶基纳米复合材料开始扮演着愈加重要的角色，很有可能成为下一代水润滑尾轴承的主导材料。. 本项目以丁腈橡胶与超高分子量聚乙烯共混胶料和纳米石墨、纳米氧化锌、纳米SiO2、纳米MoS2等粉末为主要填料或辅料的丁腈橡胶基纳米复合材料及其水润滑尾轴承为对象，以微观分析和机器视觉技术为手段，以观察水润滑尾轴承粘–滑现象为突破口，通过对复合材料的硫化特性、界面结合、力学性能等进行表征与分析，考察纳米粒子对橡胶基体的增强效应及摩擦学性能影响，从而建立起橡胶基纳米复合材料结构与摩擦学性能之间的定量关系，为抑制尾轴承摩擦振动和降低噪声提供理论依据。

已结题基金项目研究了纳米无机填料对丁腈橡胶基复合水润滑尾轴承机械物理性能与摩擦磨损特性的影响。研究表明纳米无机填料由于其更小的粒度更大的表面能，使得其具有比普通尺寸填料更优异的性能提升效果。本项目采用了补强性能较好的纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅、不同维度的碳纳米材料以及自润滑性能较好的纳米石墨、纳米二硫化钼等无机纳米填料，分别考察这些填料在不同含量、不同尺度、不同填料改性工艺等因素对丁腈橡胶基复合材料的摩擦磨损行为的影响，通过各种材料分析手段检测其机械物理性能参数的变化及其在丁腈橡胶基体中的存在和分散形式，揭示了无机纳米填料对丁腈橡胶基复合材料性能增强的机理。后续采用了高速相机和玻璃轴系建立了原位测量的摩擦振动观测系统，对丁腈橡胶基复合材料在水润滑条件下的粘滑摩擦振动进行了分析。分析结果表明振动引发的噪声根据检测到的频率可分为尖叫和颤振，得到了不同振动型式在水润滑条件下产生的连续图像结果，建立了能够反映水润滑尾轴承摩擦振动特性的物理模型，为水润滑轴承的性能和结构优化提供了很好的依据。

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