基于控制线特征的高分辨率光学卫星影像精准几何纠正研究

High precision geometric rectification of high resolution satellite imagery is the basis of image mapping and diverse applications. With the improvements of satellite’s agile and mobile imaging ability, as well as image’s space resolution, the negative influences of image geometric deformation, radiation quality decrease, and local area occlusion, which caused by multi imaging mode and terrain variation, have been more pronounced. To solve the problem of high-cost control point layout and maintenance, identification and matching difficulties in traditional point-based geometric rectification models, this research presents a set of line-based rigorous geometric rectification schemes: First, the vector-feature-based strict affine and rational function models are constructed by improved generalized point strategy; To remove the correlation between parameters, the models are refined based on the difference matrix and the elimination method; For the image under large tilt angle imaging mode, the image vector error compensation is performed to remove the influence caused by imaging attitude and the elevation projection difference, then the resolution normalization processing is also performed; Finally, we provide the process design of model parameter pre-processing, overall adjustment solution and strict geometric correction. In this research, the experimental program which take advantage of a variety of high-resolution optical satellite images and the control line layout program are designed to verify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed methods under multi-imaging mode and complex terrain conditions. It will provide practical and effective technical support for precise and fast geometric rectification of high resolution optical satellite imagery.

高分辨率光学卫星影像的精准几何纠正是影像制图和多场景应用的基础。随着卫星敏捷机动成像能力和影像空间分辨率的提升，多成像模式和地形起伏等因素导致的影像几何形变、辐射质量下降和局部区域遮蔽等影响更加显著。本课题为解决传统点特征几何纠正模型存在的控制点布设和维护成本高、识别和匹配困难等问题，提出了一套基于控制线的严密几何纠正处理方案：首先采用改进的广义点策略构建矢量特征的严格仿射和有理函数模型；为去除参数相关性，基于离差阵和消去变换进行模型参数精化；对于大倾角成像模式的影像，进行像方矢量误差补偿去除成像姿态和高程投影差影响，并进行分辨率归一化处理；最终提供模型参数预处理、整体平差解算和严密几何纠正的完整流程。本课题还设计了多种高分辨率光学卫星影像实验方案和控制线布设方案，以验证本课题方法对多成像模式和复杂地形条件均具有较好的精度和可靠性，可为影像的精准快速几何纠正处理提供实用且有效的技术支撑。