基于水射流冲击方法的聚四氟乙烯微纳米纤维制备及其结构与性能研究

Due to excellent chemical resistance, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) split-film fiber is regarded as the critical materials used to purify industrial soot from waste incineration. Nevertheless, mean diameter of split-film fibers is generally more than 20μm, which is the main constraint of improvement of filtration efficiency. Therefore, it is becoming a hot research field that manufacturing PTFE fine fibers with low mean diameter (<5μm) and high molecular weight. In this project, water jet is introduced to impact PTFE fibers, splitting continuously fibers further, to obtain PTFE fine fibers. In this project, arrangements of PTFE molecular chains will be improved by modify stretching stress and cooling rate of molten PTFE. Then, the diameter of 0.1mm water jet with different energy is used to impact PTFE split-film fibers. Last, optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope are employed to measure diameter of PTFE split-film fibers, and create mathematical models between energy of water jets and arrangement of molecular chains or diameter of fibers, showing a different method to manufacture PTFE fine fibers and corresponding theory.

极好的耐化学腐蚀性使得聚四氟乙烯（polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE）膜裂纤维成为净化垃圾焚烧烟尘的核心材料，但常规膜裂纤维直径大（>20μm）、限制过滤材料过滤效率的提高，连续制备直径<5μm的高分子量PTFE超细纤维成为研究热点。本项目拟采用水射流冲击PTFE膜裂纤维使其再次分裂、形成直径更低的PTFE超细纤维，项目先通过控制熔融态PTFE的牵伸应力分布和降温速率来调控PTFE分子链排列规整度；再用不同冲击能量的水射流（直径为0.1mm）冲击该PTFE膜裂纤维；最后采用光学显微镜系统与扫描电子显微镜成像系统测量冲击前后PTFE膜裂纤维直径及分布、构建水射流冲击能量与PTFE分子链排列规整度及纤维直径间的量化关系模型，为制备PTFE超细纤维提供一种方法及理论依据。

极好的耐化学腐蚀性使得聚四氟乙烯（polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE）膜裂纤维成为净化垃圾焚烧烟尘的核心材料，但常规膜裂纤维直径大（>20μm）、限制过滤材料过滤效率的提高，连续制备直径<5μm的高分子量PTFE超细纤维成为研究热点。本项目针对原纤成型、烧结膜可分裂度、PTFE膜裂纤维再分裂等问题展开研究，PTFE分散颗粒伸长度对原纤成型及其对纤维与膜结构与性能影响，解决初始PTFE挤出成型体内原纤调控的问题，接着调控烧结膜冷却速率来提高分子链排列有序度、实现提高烧结膜的可分裂度，采用高压水射流冲击扁平状PTFE膜裂纤维以使纤维再分裂，形成亚微米尺度PTFE纤维，规模化制备PTFE微细纤维。基于PTFE分子链排列及射流冲击能量理论，完成PTFE纤维直径与颗粒伸长度及能量间的量化关系的机制研究。项目执行期间，收录发表SCI论文5篇，申请国家发明专利12项，授权3项，已培养硕士研究生1名，正在培养硕士研究生2名。

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