确权情景下农户宅基地流转的收益分享机制研究

In the course of promoting the coordinative development of urban and rural areas, it is important in theory and in practice to study the revenue sharing mechanism of rural households during the rural housing land rights transfer from the view of property tenure..On base of the property economic basic theory that the property structure will determine the revenue allocation structure, the project will build a theoretical analytical framework to analysis the relationship of rural housing land rights register and the mechanism of rural households’ revenue sharing. Then, the project will contrast the difference of rural households’ revenue sharing between the practice and the theory. At the same time, the rural households’ subjective demand and objective negotiation skills during the rural housing land rights transfer will be analyzed as the conditional ties that would influence the effectiveness of the theory model. Furthermore, the project will discuss the way to revise the theory model according to the realistic conditional ties. Finally, the project will seek the support policy systems of the revenue sharing for the rural households so that it can protect the rural households’ rural housing land rights. .Under the main logic of “theory model – difference between practice and theory- realistic conditional ties – revise of theory model – support policies” , the project will employ the empirical research method based on the analysis of main body behavior, on the basis of questionnaire survey of rural households, by means of the method of CVM, incomplete information static game theory, agent-based modeling and numerical simulation, the conclusion of this project will provide scientific basis and references for improving the allocation efficiency of rural households during the rural homestead transfer.

统筹城乡发展过程中，从产权视角研究农户宅基地流转的收益分享机制对于落实农户宅基地产权权益、合理分享流转收益具有重要的理论和现实意义。.本项目将基于“产权结构决定收益分配结构”这一产权经济基本理论，构建宅基地确权与农户宅基地流转收益分享的理论模型；在对比分析农户宅基地流转收益分享现状与理论预期差异的基础上，以农户收益分享的主观诉求及其客观博弈能力为现实约束，探讨理论模型的现实修正，并提出农户分享宅基地流转收益的支持政策。.将遵循“理论模型——现实差异——现实约束——理论修正——支持政策”的逻辑主线，采用基于主体行为分析的实证研究方法，基于农户调研数据，借助参与式农村评估法（PRA）、协商式条件价值评估法（CVM）、不完全信息静态博弈模型、基于主体建模（Agent-based Modeling）和数值模拟分析等理论与方法，研究结论将为农户合理分享宅基地流转收益、增进农户福利提供科学依据。

基于“产权结构决定收益分配结构”这一产权经济理论，本项目沿循“理论模型——现实差异——现实约束——理论修正——支持政策”的逻辑主线，以湖北宜城市、安徽金寨县、江西余江区为研究区，采用参与式农村评估法、分布式认知理论、公民参与阶梯理论、分位数回归模型、基于主体建模等理论与方法研究了确权情景下农户宅基地流转收益分享机制，对落实农户宅基地产权权益、合理分享流转收益具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。.研究发现：（1）宅基地流转本质上是产权主体对其产权权利的让渡。农户对宅基地流转收益的分享应兼顾其权利让渡的类型、程度、期限以及权利载体宅基地的功能和价值的实现程度。（2）不同宅基地流转方式下农户让渡的权利不同，得到的流转收益也不同。相较于异地退出、部分退出及短期租赁，完全退出情景下农户完全让渡了宅基地资格权和使用权而收益更高；农户让渡资格权的收益低于让渡使用权的收益；在宅基地价值显化度不同的村庄，农户即使让渡相同的权利得到的流转收益也不同。（3）理论上“产权结构决定收益分配结构”，实践中，农户对宅基地流转收益的分享会受到农户主观诉求及产权实施行为强度影响。农户收益分享的主观诉求越高，可实现的流转收益越高；而产权实施强度越高的农户由于参与度更高，而得到更高的流转收益，相较于象征性参与和消极性参与，深度参与农户宅基地流转收益的分享值明显更高。.政策启示：（1）宅基地流转收益分享政策应根据产权主体让渡权利的类型、程度和期限，参照当地宅基地多元化价值的显化度和实现度来确定。（2）对农户宅基地产权权益的关注重点应从资格权转向使用权，应重视宅基地流转过程中农户宅基地使用权的权益损失及其收益分享。（3）宅基地流转收益分享政策需关注农村集体经济组织特别是村级集体经济组织作为宅基地所有权人应享有的相关权益。（4）产权安排不等同于产权实施，应鼓励农户主动、深入参与流转，提高宅基地产权实施强度，真正落实农户对宅基地的财产权益。

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