全光纤天基在轨空间碎片撞击感知系统关键技术研究

The spacecrafts during the flight have the risks from space debris collision , which not only causes damage to spacecraft itself, but also poses a great threat to the safety of the astronaut. The method of impact monitoring is mainly based on the acoustic emission technology in orbit, polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric thin film technology, capacitive sensing monitoring technology and so on. They show large size, heavy quality and slow response time for one or more characteristic. Crucially, these technologies use adhesive contact measurement mode and for the spacecraft working for a long time, there is a risk of falling off and reliability is not high. In order to monitor debris impact accurately, overcome the non-contact monitoring technology bottleneck and meet the space measurement needs for light qualitative, low power consumption and good reliability, this topic proposes the non-contact all-fiber on-orbit space debris impact perception system scheme and key technology research. It focuses on all-fiber Doppler vibration of more light path system for high-speed signal demodulation, far field modal identification and signal frequency domain analysis for the complex structure vibration signals and neural network algorithm for pattern recognition. It will promote the basic research for application and provide a new method for the fast and accurate perception of space debris.

航天器在飞行过程中，有遭受空间碎片撞击的风险，这不仅对航天器本身造成损伤，而且也会对航天员的安全造成巨大威胁，当前对于撞击损伤监测手段主要是基于声发射技术的在轨感知技术、聚偏氟乙烯压电薄膜监测技术、电容传感监测技术等，存在尺寸大、质量重、响应时间慢等特性中的一种或多种，更为关键的是，这些技术采用胶粘等接触式测量模式，在航天器长时间工作下，有发生脱落的风险，可靠性不高。为了及时准确感知碎片撞击，克服接触式监测的技术瓶颈，满足航天测量系统质轻、低功耗、可靠性强的需求，本课题提出了非接触式全光纤天基在轨空间碎片撞击感知系统方案和关键技术的研究，重点解决全光纤多普勒多点测振光路系统高速信号解调、复杂结构的冲击振动信号远场模态识别与信号频域分析、神经网络算法对损伤模式识别等核心科学问题，通过攻克关键技术，推动基础研究成果走向应用，为空间碎片的快速准确感知提供一种新的方法。