基于全生命周期成本的中国东部发达地区农村生活污水处理方案选择

Rural wastewater treatment has become one of the main challenges of environmental protection in China, and even a threat to the health and safety of the rural population. Recently there is significant improvement of rural wastewater treatment capacity building across China, but the high cost dilemma remains as the most common challenge. The key point is that China is currently in the process of rapid urbanization, and rapid and large scale migration of the rural population and the factors of production, has a critical influence on the treatment options. The project is targeted at China's Eastern areas, which is more developed and faced with more such problems. According to relative process of urbanization, rural areas are divided into the three categories, which are population-concentrated areas, the hollow-out areas and relatively stable areas. Separated investigation is to be carried out, and to set up a whole lifecycle costing framework covering the planning and design- construction- management- operation and abandoned parts. It's intended to study the effectiveness of urban wastewater network extension to rural areas, the optimum scale of decentralized treatment systems, the application possibility of temporary systems, and current effectiveness and future effectiveness. Based on above studies, oriented by the social cost minimization, we are trying to figure out the appropriate responsibility-sharing mechanism among governments, rural communities and villagers, as well as the institution innovation capacity for advancing rural wastewater treatment capacity building and sustainable development.

农村生活污水处理已经成为我国当前环境保护的主要难题之一，甚至已经威胁到广大农民的健康和生命安全。近年来我国部分地区加速推进农村生活污水处理能力建设，但是普遍面临高成本挑战。主要原因在于我国当前正处于快速城市化进程，农村人口和生产要素的大规模、快速迁移对处理方案的选择具有至关重要的影响。课题以我国农村生活污水处理问题较为突出的东部发达地区为研究对象，根据农村的快速城市化进程，将农村地区分为人口集聚区、空心化区域和相对稳定区，进行分类调研，并构建涵盖规划设计、建设、管理运营和废弃的全生命周期成本分析框架；研究城镇管网向农村地区延伸的有效性边界，分散处理方案的合理规模的选择，权宜性分散处理方案的适用范围；研究处理方案的当前有效性和未来有效性问题。在此基础上，以社会成本最小化为导向，明确各级政府、村集体和村民等相关主体的责任分担机制，以及促进农村生活污水处理能力建设和可持续发展的制度创新空间。