北斗全球卫星导航系统混合星座精密定轨性能提升技术

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is playing an increasingly important role in the fields of national economic construction, scientific research and modern military etc. As the performance and service ability of BDS are directly determined by the orbits quality of BeiDou satellites, precise orbit determination (POD) of BeiDou satellites is the core technology for the development and application of BDS. The BDS adopts the design of the mixed navigation constellation, including Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. At present, the launch deployment of many Beidou-3 satellites are in near future and BDS is planned to reach full operation capability with 35 BeiDou satellites by 2020. Due to the characteristics of satellites, data quality and the geometry of the tracking stations, the orbits accuracy of BDS are relatively worse than that of GPS. This project studies the technology to improve the orbits quality of BDS mixed constellation. The key technologies include the enhanced small cycle slip detection method for GEO carrier phase observations, the suitable solar radiation pressure model for BDS, the success rate promotion method of double-difference BeiDou phase integer ambiguity estimation, the estimation of BeiDou transmitter antennas phase center offsets and variations, and the multi-GNSS POD of BeiDou satellites. Furthermore, in order to verify the correctness and efficiency of this key technologies, a high precision orbit determination software with self-owned intellectual property rights will be developed. The key problem that restricts the performance improvement of BDS precise orbit products is expected to be solved in this project.

北斗全球卫星导航系统在国民经济建设、科学研究和现代军事等领域扮演着越来越重要的角色，轨道精度直接决定了导航系统性能指标和服务水平，精确确定导航星座的轨道是北斗系统发展和应用的核心技术。北斗系统采用GEO/IGSO/MEO三轨混合的星座设计，目前多颗北斗三号卫星已在快速发射部署，预计2020年前完成35颗全球组网运行。受卫星特点、数据质量以及测站跟踪几何影响，北斗系统精密轨道产品水平与GPS相比仍有较大差距。本项目研究北斗全球卫星导航系统混合星座精密定轨性能提升技术，重点研究北斗GEO小周跳探测增强技术、适用于北斗混合星座的太阳光压建模、北斗双差相位模糊度固定成功率提升技术、北斗发射天线相位中心偏移与变化估计、多GNSS融合提升北斗定轨精度等关键技术，开发一套具有自主知识产权的精密定轨软件，验证核心关键技术的正确性和有效性，解决制约我国北斗导航系统精密轨道产品性能提升的关键问题。

本项目研究北斗全球卫星导航系统混合星座精密定轨性能提升技术，取得的主要进展包括：研究了卫星非保守力精细化建模技术，一方面，利用Macro模型来精细化建模不同卫星星体结构带来的影响，另一方面，利用先验太阳光压模型、经验参数模型进行组合，有效提升了导航卫星的力学模型表示精度和定轨精度；研究了相位模糊度固定成功率提升技术，分别提出了一种利用整数相位钟和偏差产品实现单接收机模糊度固定的新方法和一种利用观测数据相对修正实现编队模糊度固定增强的新方法，有效提升了单星绝对和编队相对定轨精度；研究了通过对北斗/GNSS天线中心偏移与变化估计技术，有效消除了GNSS天线参考点不准确误差对卫星精密定轨的影响，提高了卫星定轨精度；研究了多GNSS融合定轨技术，实现了北斗和GPS融合的卫星编队绝对和相对定轨，编队卫星绝对定轨精度达到厘米级，相对定轨精度达到毫米级甚至优于毫米量级。开发了一套具有自主知识产权的精密定轨软件，相关技术和软件成功应用于我国天琴一号、天宫二号、天绘二号、陆地探测一号等国家重大需求任务中，为我国北斗导航系统建设及创新应用提供了重要技术支撑。受基金资助取得的成果主要包括：共发表学术论文16篇，其中SCI检索10篇，EI检索4篇，获会议优秀论文1项；获卫星导航定位科技进步特等奖1项；授权软件著作权1项；培养博士研究生2人，硕士研究生4人；主办学术会议1次，参加国内外学术会议9次。

内容获取失败，请点击重试