基于压电驱动的高温大粘度微液滴按需精准喷射关键技术研究

With the advancement of national major strategy "Made in China 2025", 3D printing technology, as one of the core research areas of intelligent manufacturing, is developing vigorously and rapidly. However, However, due to the limitation of principle and technology, the existing 3D printing technology has the technical bottleneck of high cost and low efficiency in printing engineering parts. In order to meet the urgent requirement of economical, efficient and precise 3D printing technology, the key technology of injecting micro-droplet with high temperature and high viscosity precisely on demand based on piezoelectric micro-jet will be studied in this project. The research contents mainly include: establishing piezoelectric precise actuating system to realize ejecting high temperature and high viscosity micro-droplet by piezoelectric actuator; establishing the method of eliminating satellite droplets and controlling the outlet motion characteristics of droplet based on controlling the excitation signal parameters to realize ejecting hot melt micro-droplet on demand; establishing the method of controlling the trajectory of droplet precisely by using deflection electric field to realize ejecting the hot-melt micro-droplet at the designated position on the target surface; establishing the method of controlling the forming size of the hot-melt micro-droplet during the condensation phase change process on the target surface to achieve controlling the forming size of the droplet precisely. The related research work of this project will provide a systematic solution for the application of piezoelectric micro-jet technology in the field of 3D printing and break through the technical bottleneck of printing engineering parts, which possesses important scientific significance and practical value.

随着“中国制造2025”国家重大战略的推进，3D打印技术作为核心方向之一正在蓬勃发展。然而，由于原理、工艺的限制，现有3D打印技术存在工程零部件打印成本高、效率低的技术瓶颈。针对经济、高效、精密的新型3D打印技术的迫切需求，本项目将开展基于压电驱动的高温大粘度微液滴按需精准喷射关键技术研究。主要研究内容包括：构建压电精密致动系统，实现高温大粘度微液滴的压电驱动喷射；建立基于复合激励信号参数调控消除卫星液滴和控制液滴出口运动特性的方法，实现热熔微液滴出口特性按需精确喷射；建立利用偏转电场对液滴运动轨迹进行精准控制的方法，实现热熔微液滴在目标面指定位置的精准喷射；建立对热熔微液滴在目标面上冷凝成型尺寸的控制方法，实现热熔微液滴成型尺寸的精确控制。本项目的相关研究工作将突破工程零部件3D打印的技术瓶颈，为压电微喷技术应用于3D打印领域提供系统的解决方案，具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。

高精度的金属增材制造是当前各国都在大力发展的重点研究方向之一，针对当前激光增材、沉积增材等增材制造的不足，本项目提出基于压电驱动的高温大粘度微液滴按需精准喷射关键技术研究。主要研究内容包括：构建压电精密致动系统，实现高温大粘度微液滴的压电驱动喷射；建立基于复合激励信号参数调控消除卫星液滴和控制液滴出口运动特性的方法，实现热熔微液滴出口特性按需精确喷射；建立对热熔微液滴在目标面上冷凝成型尺寸的控制方法，实现热熔微液滴成型尺寸的精确控制。本项目针对上述研究内容有计划的开展研究。解决了大粘度流体压电驱动困难和压电驱动器高温失效问题，构建了可喷射高温大粘度微液滴的压电精密驱动系统，建立了可实现高温大粘度微液滴按需、可控、定位及定尺寸喷射打印的控制方法。实现了在设计的喷嘴直径为200 m的压电微射流上施加振幅仅为16 V的电压脉冲，可在120℃的温度基板下打印出直径为340μm的微锡点，特别是当信号的停留时间较短(≤0.05 ms)时，液滴的平均直径仅为喷嘴直径的1.25倍，通过改变基板温度可调节微液滴的最终形状。发表相关学术论文11篇(全部为SCI期刊论文)；获得黑龙江省科技进步一等奖1项（3/11）；获得国家授权发明专利6项；培养已毕业硕士研究生3人，在读硕士研究生3人、在读博士研究生3人。本项目的相关研究工作实现了压电高精度驱动与金属增材制造的有机结合，为金属增材制造和零部件原位修复提供了重要的技术研究基础。

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