旱作农田根区土壤水分环境及作物对生物炭输入的响应机理

To explore improving utilization efficiency of natural precipitation and soil moisture has been the hotspot and focus of dryland farming research in the Loess Plateau. In this project, multi-year field experiments with the dryland spring maize cultivate system will be conducted to study the response of root-zone soil water environment to the input of biochar in the Loess Plateau. The infiltration and distribution characteristics of soil water after precipitation will be analyzed, to further clarify the effect of biochar on the water movement law in dryland areas of the Loess Plateau. By discussing the relationship of the root with soil quality indicators, the intrinsic biological mechanism of the regulation of the root architecture and function by biochar will be revealed. On the basis of these, by considering the climate factors from different years with soil water and root character parameters, it is intended to reveal the root-zone regulation mechanism of biochar and root architecture interactions as related to improving the crop yield, water use efficiency and soil water storage capacity. The results of this project will not only provide new academic ideas and methods for optimizing the water management of dryland farming to increase the water use efficiency of crops, but have important theoretical and practical values to resource utility of agricultural wastes, soil water storage capacity and farm productivity in dryland areas of the Loess Plateau.

探索提高农田自然降水利用率和土壤水分生产效率一直是旱作区农业研究的重点和热点课题。本项目拟以黄土高原旱作春玉米单作体系为对象，以生物炭对旱作农田根区水分环境调控为核心，通过多年田间定位实验，研究旱作春玉米农田根区土壤水分环境对生物炭输入的响应；明确输入生物炭农田根区土壤降水入渗特征；阐明生物炭对黄土高原旱作农田根区土壤水分运移规律影响；揭示生物炭调控根系特征的生物学机制；在此基础上，结合不同年限气候因子特征，揭示生物炭与根构型互作对提高作物产量、水分利用效率及土壤持蓄水的根区调控机理。研究不仅将为优化旱作农田水分管理，提高水分利用效率提供一定科学依据；对提高旱区农业废弃物资源化利用、提高土壤持蓄水能力和农田生产力也具重要实践价值。