社会交互中动机性说谎的神经机制

As a behavior that is closed related to human evolution, the cognitive processes and the neural mechanisms underlying deception remains to be investigated. It is expected, from the perspective of executive control, that the honesty response is the default response, which needs less cognitive effort. While in social contexts that self-interest is associated with lying, could promote dishonesty reaction time, and deliberative honesty. The aim of present project is to investigate lying in more ecological social interactive settings and examine the neural mechanisms of multiple stages in ecological deception. The present study first will conduct two studies on effortful lying and honesty. Secondly, the present study is to reveal the cognitive processes (e.g., the deception intention, response conflict and outcome evaluation) or stages and the brain mechanisms correlated with deception in ecological context under the cognitive framework. Finally, we choose two-person synchronous paradigm to examine various cognitive processes of lying and the corresponding synchronized neural response through a series of experiments. Based on the series studies in current project, the present project thus helps to integrate hypothesis of cognitive control and dual system of deception, which can better answer neural mechanisms relates to cognitive effort in deception and cognitive processes during each stage, as well as provide huge support for the effective application of polygraph in field.

说谎是和人类进化紧密相连的行为，对说谎的认知过程和相应神经机制的探索有助于我们理解认知过程中和抑制控制有关的过程。诚实是与说谎对应的概念，已有研究中，多认为诚实是个体的默认反应，需要较少的认知控制资源。但是在自我利益相关的情景中，说谎可能是更快的反应，而诚实反应反而需要更多思虑。本研究的目的是尝试在更生态甚至是多人互动的情景中揭示说谎和诚实的决策、反应和说谎结果的一系列认知加工过程及脑机制。首先根据说谎/诚实的双系统理论，本研究设置了不同难度下的说谎决策和脑机制；其次，在说谎的认知性框架下，考察生态化情境下的说谎意图、反应冲突和结果评价等过程的脑机制；最后，我们采用双人同步范式，通过系列实验来考察说谎的各个阶段的认知过程和双人同步的神经机制。本研究在理论上有助于整合说谎的认知控制和双系统假说，能更好的回答说谎涉及的认知努力问题和各个阶段的脑机制，同时在应用领域也可为有效的测谎提供支持。

本项目主要探讨说谎的行为与脑机制。我们计划结合脑电和磁共振成像技术，在行为研究的基础之上，采用计算建模的方式探索个体说谎的决策机制，以便从行为指标与神经指标层面更好的预测个体的不诚实行为。我们基于行为和脑成像数据考察诚实与不诚实行为的认知机制，从而为预测现实生活中的说谎/诚实决策和检测个体的说谎诚实行为提供了基础。因为项目执行期间，多项国内外相关成果已有报道。因此，我们对项目研究计划进行了部分调整。具体而言，我们主要关注动机性说谎的行为计算机制与脑机制。

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