基于纳米流体传热介质的氢燃料发动机散热规律的研究

Many key problems such as backfire,preignition, low power and high NOx emission of hydrogen engine caused mainly by combustion of hydrogen and heat transfer in the engine have not been solved currently, which confine the development and utilization of hydrogen engine. Nanofluid, as a kind of new type, efficient heat transfer medium, with a strong development potential, has become a hot research subject around the world. In this project, on basis of previous studies about nanofluid, hydrogen engine and disel, we plan to use methods of theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical simulation to establish multicomponent molecular dynamics model and two or more phases fluid flow and heat transfer model of nanofluid, moreover, to build the heat transfer model of hydrigen engine using nanofluid cooling, achieve effects of character paramets of nanofluid on heat transfer of hydrogen engine. The subject not only investigate theories of nanofluid flow and heat transfer, but provide theory support to solve the problems of abnormal combustion and NOx emission. It is significant to carry on this research for energy conservation and emission reduction, the development of clean and renewable energy technology and environmental protection.

由氢燃烧和散热的特殊性所引起的氢发动机回火、早燃、功率低及NOx的排放高等问题是制约其发展的关键问题，至今尚未解决。纳米流体作为一种新型、高效传热介质，具有强大的发展潜力，目前已成为各国研究热点。本人结合自己前期在纳米流体和氢发动机、柴油机散热规律等系列课题的研究，采用理论、试验和模拟相结合的方法，建立纳米流体的多组份分子动力学模型和二（或多）相流动传热模型并建立了氢发动机纳米流体散热的数学模型，深入探索纳米流体的传热机理，并获得不同工况下纳米流体强化冷却介质的特征参数对氢发动机散热性能的影响规律。本课题的研究不仅为纳米流体的流动和传热过程提供理论基础，而且为解决目前氢燃料发动机研究中存在的异常燃烧和污染物排放等关键技术难题提供理论支持，并对节能减排，发展清洁可再生能源利用技术和保护环境都有重要意义。

本项目通过建立铜等金属纳米粒子的纳米流体分子动力学模型，研究了纳米流体的热导、粘度和纳米粒子表面吸附层性质。搭建了纳米流体管内流动和传热的实验装置；改造氢发动机纳米流体散热规律研究的实验平台。采用石墨烯纳米片分别与去离子水、乙二醇、不同体积比的水乙二醇混合溶液等不同基液配置成纳米流体并进行表征；实验分析了纳米流体的稳定性，测试了石墨烯纳米片纳米流体的热导和粘度，分析了温度和粒子浓度等对热导和粘度的影响规律。建立纳米流体在管内的流动传热模型，采用数值模拟的方法研究了纳米流体在直管内的流动和传热性能。分析了粒子浓度等影响因素对流动和传热的影响规律。建立纳米流体在内燃机气缸盖内流动和传热的流固耦合模型，采用数值模拟的方法研究了纳米流体对内燃机气缸盖散热影响规律。本课题的研究不仅为纳米流体的流动和传热过程提供理论基础，而且为解决目前发动机研究中存在的异常燃烧和污染物排放等关键技术难题提供理论支持，并对节能减排，发展清洁可再生能源利用技术和保护环境都有重要意义。

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