基于数字阵列信号处理的分布式光纤2D/3D定位传感技术研究

With the rapid development of high-speed railway in China, the requirement for train positioning is continually upgraded, to meet the high-density and high-speed operation. Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) is characterized by great significance of scientific research and practical applications for train positioning. The one-dimension (1D) position of disturbance sources, as the relative distance of the fiber, can be obtained by conventional Φ-OTDR technology, but their 2D/3D spatial position is unobtainable, which causes the train positioning dead zone and the misjudgment of cars near tracks. The development prospect of Φ-OTDR is thus limited. In this research, the digital array signal processing method will be introduced into Φ-OTDR for realizing distributed fiber 2D/3D localization, directly using the spatial correlation of Φ-OTDR distributed detecting signals. This method can avoid the decoupling problem between original signal status and its variation during transmission and coupling. In this research, several key problems will be studied in detail, such as, distributed compact array model, the digital array signal processing paradigm for Φ-OTDR, etc. The intrinsic correlation between the spatial correlation of distributed signals and the disturbance source spatial position, will be revealed. This research is expected to improve its performance for Φ-OTDR in train positioning and perimeter security fields, to explore the application potential in the fields of seismic monitoring and ocean underwater acoustic detection, and to provide new academic basis and technological support for the next generation advanced optical fiber sensing technology.

我国高速铁路飞速发展，高密度、高速度运营对列车定位的要求不断提升。相敏光时域反射计（Φ-OTDR）在列车定位中具有重要的科学意义和重要价值。传统Φ-OTDR仅能对扰动源进行光纤轴向一维探测定位，而不能获知扰动源的2D/3D位置，列车定位存在盲区，且易受轨旁车辆影响导致误判，限制了Φ-OTDR的发展。本项目拟将数字阵列信号处理技术引入到Φ-OTDR中，直接利用Φ-OTDR连续感知信息的空间相关性实现分布式光纤2D/3D定位传感，可以有效避免扰动源信号初始状态与传输耦合变化的解耦难题。项目拟针对分布式密集阵列模型构建、适用于Φ-OTDR的数字阵列信号处理范式等关键问题进行详细研究和探索，揭示分布式信息空间相关性与多样性扰动源空间位置的内在关联，有望提升Φ-OTDR在列车定位、周界安防等领域的性能，开拓在地震监测、海洋水声探测等领域的应用潜力，并为下一代先进光纤传感提供新的学术基础和技术支撑。

Φ-OTDR利用后向瑞利散射可以获得光纤沿线各类振动事件的定量化信息，得到了公共安全、地球物理、海洋水声等多领域的广泛关注和实际应用，然而其定位能力尚局限在光纤轴向一维坐标，难以获知目标事件与光纤的相对位置，给复杂场景下的事件识别与感知带来了极大困扰。.本项目按计划如期开展基于数字阵列信号处理的分布式光纤2D/3D定位传感技术研究，着重研究了直光纤与螺旋缠绕结构的分布式密集阵列模型构建、信息空间相关性与扰动源空间位置的内在关联机制、适用于Φ-OTDR的数字阵列信号处理范式等科学问题，突破了分布式空间多维定位技术、分布式定向侦听技术和实用性能提升技术等多项核心技术，形成了空气声波、地震波、海洋水声等多维定位探测能力，研制了多样式Φ-OTDR装备样机，在云南昭通地质灾害监测、四川三星堆文物防盗掘监测、浙江某水库水声探测等方面开展了外场验证与示范应用，为下一代先进光纤传感提供新的学术基础和技术支撑。.在本项目联合资助下，研究团队国内外核心期刊发表学术论文 12篇，其中 SCI 收录论文 10篇，申请发明专利4项，其中已授权2项。代表性成果得到Laser Focus World国际专业媒体的报道。

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