Arsenic is a common pollutant in the environment. Experimental studies have shown the neurodevelopmental toxicity of arsenic. A large number of epidemiological studies has indicated that exposure to arsenic during childhood adversely affects child neurodevelopment. However, evidence of the effect of exposure to arsenic in utero on child neurodevelopment is limited and controversial. Based on the ongoing birth cohort in rural Guangxi, the present project is going to detect the concentrations of four arsenic species in maternal urine samples collected in the first, second, and third trimesters, and follow up the children to determine the neurocognitive function. We will study the association of arsenic exposure at different time points during gestation with child neurodevelopment, and determine the critical window of exposure. To explore the underlying mechanism of effect of arsenic exposure on neurodevelopment, we will assess LINE-1 DNA methylation in placenta, and explore the mediating effect of placental LINE-1 DNA methylation on the association between prenatal arsenic exposure and neurodevelopment. The present study will provide direct evidence for the effect of prenatal arsenic exposure on child neurodevelopment, and clarify the role of placental LINE-1 DNA methylation in the effect of arsenic exposure on child neurodevelopment.
砷是常见的环境污染物,毒理学研究表明砷具有神经发育毒性。流行病学研究结果显示儿童期砷暴露与其神经发育损伤存在关联,而妊娠期暴露是否会影响儿童神经发育并不清楚。本项目拟采用前瞻性队列研究设计,以广西农村地区出生队列中的母婴为研究对象,检测孕妇在孕早、中、晚三个时点的尿液中不同形态砷的浓度,采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表测量儿童1岁时的神经认知能力,分析妊娠期不同时点砷暴露水平与儿童早期神经发育的关联,确定作用敏感期;在此基础上为进一步探讨砷暴露致儿童神经发育损伤可能的机制,对胎盘中LINE-1基因甲基化水平进行检测,并分析其在妊娠期砷暴露和儿童神经发育损伤之间的介导作用。本项目将为明确妊娠期砷暴露对儿童神经发育的影响提供直接证据,并阐明胎盘LINE-1基因甲基化修饰在砷暴露导致儿童神经发育受损中的作用。
砷具有神经发育毒性,但妊娠期砷暴露对儿童神经发育的影响及可能机制目前并不清楚。本项目基于前瞻性出生队列,检测孕妇在孕早、中、晚三个时点的尿液中不同形态砷的浓度,以及新生儿脐血全基因组DNA甲基化水平,并随访评估儿童2岁时的神经认知能力,研究妊娠期砷暴露-脐血基因表观遗传改变-儿童神经发育损伤三者之间关联。研究发现:(1)孕晚期尿中总砷水平与儿童心理发育指数(MDI)呈显著负相关,提示孕晚期可能是砷影响儿童神经发育的作用敏感期;(2)孕晚期尿砷水平与脐血中27个CpGs位点的甲基化水平之间存在统计学显著性关联(FDR<0.05)。大多数CpGs位点的DNA甲基化水平与尿砷浓度之间呈正相关。对于这些显著性CpG位点,尿砷浓度每增加一倍,相应的DNA甲基化水平改变范围为-1.237%~1.199%;(3)中介效应分析结果显示,位于ARMC5基因、KIAA1217基因以及基因间隔区的4个与尿砷相关CpGs位点的甲基化水平改变在孕期尿砷浓度与儿童MDI分数的关联中均起到介导作用,中介效应比例为23.8-32.6%。本研究的相关发现为明确妊娠期砷暴露对儿童神经发育的影响提供了新的科学线索,并阐明了砷暴露引起的表观遗传改变在其中的作用。