航行船舶真风误差分析及修正方法研究

It is important to strengthen the calculation of the true wind of the ship, which has an important role for the seafarers to operate the ship from the wharf, hedge against typhoon, or maritime search and rescue and so on. Due to the fact that the true wind can not be measured directly on the moving platform such as the ship, it can only rely on the indirect calculation from the model, but the traditional true wind calculation model is only suitable when the ship navigates steady and directly, it does not consider the sea, affecting the steering and other factors on the relative wind measurement and navigation wind measurement, leading to some errors compared with the actual environment.In order to improve the calculation accuracy of true wind ship project, discusses true wind solution error and the influence weight of complex sea state caused by the relative wind measurement error caused by ship sloshing simulation, design of onshore wind tunnel, PTZ movement experiments, consideration of ship steering motion and spatial position relationship, respectively established measurement error the relative wind and sea wind correction model; and design with the ship sea trial test, get the model parameters tested, and then learning, establish a relatively stable model of the ship's true wind error compensation in the end, so as to improve the accuracy of the ship's true wind calculation

加强真风测算的准确度对海员操纵船舶离靠码头、防台避险、海上救援等有重要的参考指导意义。在船舶等运动平台上，真风无法直接测量，只能依靠矢量模型间接计算，而传统的真风解算模型仅适用于船舶低速平稳直航状态，它没有考虑平台摇晃、船体转向等因素对相对风测量和航行风计量的影响，导致依模型计算出的真风与实际环境值相比存在较大误差。项目针对航行真风测算的误差来源及影响权重，一是通过设计陆上云台运动、风洞等模拟实验，对复杂海况引起船舶摇摆造成的相对风测量误差进行仿真计算，建立相对风测量误差修正模型；二是综合考虑船舶运动平台转向运动及船体空间位置关系，建立航行风的测量误差修正模型。整合相对风与航行风的测量误差修正模型，建立航行船舶真风误差的修正模型，并随船进行海试试验，对模型参数进行检验及修正，最终建立相对稳定可靠的船舶真风误差补偿修正模型，提升航行船舶真风解算精度。

风是海上天气演变的关键性参数，海上气象站点稀少，船舶载体可作为海上气象监测站点的有益补充，船舶测算的真风精度直接影响到以此为初始数据源的海洋气象预报的准确性。真风是自然界实际风，在船舶等运动平台上无法直接测量，传统非稳定平台气象仪没有考虑平台运动及姿态变化对计算真风的影响，导致输出的计算真风与实际环境真风存在较大偏差，项目以船舶平台为例，总结了船舶平台真风误差来源，包括航向/航速源选取问题引起的计算真风误差和相对风测量引起的计算真风误差，并分析了这些误差源对计算真风的影响权重，利用数学上坐标系旋转变换思想，推导了基于平台姿态的风测量补偿校正模型，并设计了海上试验方案，项目搭载自然资源部海洋一所“向阳红18”船东海航次共享船时，完成了海试验证，结果表明，项目建立的模型能显著提高船舶等运动平台上的测风精度。. 本项目提高了船舶真风解算的精度，可提升船员应对复杂海况的处置能力，为我国远洋船舶的经济社会活动提供强有力的气象保障服务，远洋航行船舶可以依据实时船载真风测量结果，及时调整预定航线，规避海况恶劣海区，确保安全航行。同时，以此为基础数据源的海上气象预报将更加准确，将促进海上，尤其是稀缺气象数据海域的气象研究发展，具有良好的社会效益。

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