西伯利亚蝗卵越冬策略及呼吸代谢的研究

In order to overwinter safely, overwintering instars of insects that lived in cold and temperate areas must minimize their metabolism to improve cold tolerance. Investigation of dynamic change of respiratory metabolism in overwintering instars can further clarify their overwintering strategy, thus providing important bases for pest forecasting. As a major dominant locust in Xinjiang, Gomphocerus sibiricus sibiricus have caused serious economic and ecological damage. Diapause eggs of the locust overwinter in the soil. As the colder and longer winter in Xinjiang, changes of respiratory metabolism intensity and overwintering strategy of eggs are very crucial for successful overwintering of this locust. On the basis of our previous work, methods and techniques of embryology, physiology and biochemistry will be used to study dynamic changes of respiratory metabolism (CO2 release rate, O2 consumption rate, metabolic rate), physiological and biochemical protective substances related with stress resistance (Carbohydrate and amino acids) and cold hardiness (supercooling point, water，mortality rate caused by exposure to hypothermia) of eggs during the overwintering period. The correlation between changes of respiratory metabolism of overwintering eggs and ambient temperature will be analyzed. Mechanisms of respiratory metabolism and physiological and biochemical of overwintering eggs will be clarified to reveal the overwintering strategy of eggs in Gomphocerus sibiricus sibiricus. Research results can provide a scientific basis for predicting population number and occurrence of the species.

为安全越冬，寒带和温带地区的越冬虫态必须将自身代谢降到最低程度以提高抗寒能力，通过了解呼吸代谢的动态变化过程可以进一步阐明其越冬策略，进而为害虫预测预报提供重要依据。西伯利亚蝗Gomphocerus sibiricus sibiricus是新疆高山亚高山草原的优势危害种类，每年都造成严重的经济和生态损失。新疆冬季寒冷且漫长，西伯利亚蝗以卵在土壤中滞育越冬，其越冬卵的呼吸代谢强弱变化及越冬策略就成为能否安全越冬的关键。在课题组前期工作基础上，本项目采用胚胎学及生理生化技术方法，通过测定西伯利亚蝗卵越冬过程中的CO2释放率、O2吸收率、代谢率，以及抗逆生理生化保护物质（糖类、醇类、氨基酸等）和耐寒力（过冷却点、含水量，低温暴露死亡率）的动态变化，分析越冬卵的呼吸代谢变化与外界温度的关系，阐明西伯利亚蝗卵安全越冬的呼吸代谢与生理生化机制，掌握其越冬策略，以期为预测预报及有效防控提供科学依据。

西伯利亚蝗以卵在土壤中越冬，面临新疆漫长寒冷的冬季，蝗卵能否安全越冬是确保翌年蝗虫种群数量的基础，而越冬卵的呼吸代谢强弱变化及越冬策略就成为能否安全越冬的关键。本研究在弄清西伯利亚蝗的胚胎发育特征基础上，通过测定蝗卵越冬发育过程的呼吸代谢规律、耐寒力以及抗逆保护物质，阐明其耐寒能力和越冬适应变化。研究结果表明：越冬期间，西伯利亚蝗卵除了通过进入滞育的形式延长时间尽量保证来年温度回升后的同步发育及孵化外，还可通过调节自身的呼吸代谢水平以适应环境变化的生理需求。此外，越冬蝗卵具备较强的抗寒能力也是保证其安全越冬的重要策略之一。自然条件下蝗卵具有较强的过冷却能力，海藻糖、甘油、果糖、肌醇及部分氨基酸的积累，有助于增强蝗卵的耐寒能力和正常发育，从而保证其越冬存活。研究结果为深入分析西伯利亚蝗的抗逆机制以及采取有效防控措施提供科学依据。

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