Environmental Geoscience

环境地球科学

• 批准号: CRC-2021-00338
• 负责人: Power, Ian
• 金额: $ 5.46万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Canada Research Chairs
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=765963
• 关键词: Environmental; Geoscience

Negative emission technologies involve removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and are necessary to limit global warming and prevent the worst impacts of climate change. Of these technologies, enhanced rock weathering and CO2 mineralization aim to accelerate Earth's natural ability to remove CO2 from the atmosphere through chemical weathering by dispersing rock powder over large areas such as mine sites, agricultural fields, and forested lands. Calcium- and magnesium-bearing minerals in the rock powder react with atmospheric CO2, storing the CO2 in waters and solid carbonates. This approach offers an enormous capacity to capture and permanently store CO2 if deployed at large scales. However, there are many uncertainties relating to the rates of CO2 removal, verification of carbon storage, co-benefits, and environmental concerns.This research program comprises four interconnected projects that aim to advance enhanced rock weathering and CO2 mineralization as viable climate change mitigation strategies. Certain mines produce large quantities of mineral wastes suitable for CO2 removal and are accessible for deployment. In collaboration with the mining industry, a field pilot will be initiated at a mine site to measure rates of CO2 removal and verify carbon storage under real-world conditions over several years. A complimentary laboratory study will examine weathered mine wastes to understand weathering processes and how these may stabilize mine wastes and minimize their risk.Enhanced rock weathering field trials will be undertaken in agricultural and forested lands using various rock powders. These trials will be used to evaluate CO2 removal, investigate soil-rock interactions, and assess potential co-benefits such as nutrient release. In addition, complementary laboratory experiments will investigate CO2 removal using highly reactive magnesium and calcium oxide powders.Addressing climate change requires implementing negative emission technologies while also drastically reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This research program advances two of the most promising technologies by developing new methodologies, addressing uncertainties, and demonstrating their effectiveness at large scales. Canada is well suited to capitalize on these approaches, given its abundance of suitable rocks and vast lands for deployment.

负排放技术涉及去除大气中的二氧化碳（CO2），对于限制全球变暖和防止气候变化的最严重影响是必要的。在这些技术中，增强岩石风化和二氧化碳矿化旨在加速地球通过化学风化将岩石粉末分散到矿场、农田和林地等大面积区域从大气中去除二氧化碳的自然能力。岩粉中的含钙和镁矿物质与大气中的二氧化碳发生反应，将二氧化碳储存在水和固体碳酸盐中。如果大规模部署，这种方法可以提供巨大的捕获和永久储存二氧化碳的能力。然而，在二氧化碳去除率、碳储存验证、协同效益和环境问题方面存在许多不确定性。该研究计划包括四个相互关联的项目，旨在推进增强岩石风化和二氧化碳矿化作为可行的气候变化缓解策略。某些矿山会产生大量适合去除二氧化碳的矿物废物，并且可以进行部署。与采矿业合作，将在矿场启动一项现场试点，以测量二氧化碳的去除率，并验证未来几年在现实条件下的碳储存。一项免费的实验室研究将检查风化的矿山废物，以了解风化过程以及如何稳定矿山废物并最大限度地降低其风险。将使用各种岩石粉末在农业和林地中进行强化岩石风化现场试验。这些试验将用于评估二氧化碳的去除，研究土壤-岩石相互作用，并评估潜在的协同效益，例如养分释放。此外，补充实验室实验将研究使用高活性氧化镁和氧化钙粉末去除二氧化碳的情况。应对气候变化需要实施负排放技术，同时大幅减少温室气体排放。该研究计划通过开发新方法、解决不确定性并大规模展示其有效性，推进了两项最有前途的技术。鉴于加拿大拥有丰富的合适岩石和广阔的部署土地，因此非常适合利用这些方法。