Biodiversity and Landscape Modeling

生物多样性和景观建模

• 批准号: CRC-2021-00271
• 负责人: He, Fangliang
• 金额: $ 14.57万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Canada Research Chairs
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764511
• 关键词: Biodiversity; Landscape; Modeling

Knowing how many species are in nature or a given landscape and understanding how they are assembled in ecosystems are arguably among the most important questions in ecology. This knowledge is essential for predicting ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic disturbances and informs critical decisions about biodiversity conservation and management. Although numerous methods have been proposed to tally and estimate the number of species in landscapes, there is little consensus about their performance. Also, current data about real world diversity change suggests that we have much to learn about mechanisms that maintain or drive changes in biodiversity. I will address these knowledge gaps through innovative research in the context of a CRC renewal. Building on my existing strengths and ongoing work in this field, I aim to develop methods and theory to improve for estimation of species diversity, to synthesize diversity patterns, and to test hypotheses about primary biodiversity mechanisms. Specifically, I will address four interrelated research components critical to understanding biodiversity patterns and how they develop and are maintained. These are as follows: (1) Develop a `Calculus of Biodiversity' for measuring and synthesizing biodiversity patterns; (2) Test ecological processes that maintain species assemblages, with special interest in testing the role of plant-soil feedback on plant species diversity; (3) Predict impact of climate and land use change on biodiversity; and (4) Apply cutting-edge results to support sustainable management of ecosystems and to inform innovative land use policies in Canada and other countries. This research, involving theoretical development, conceptual synthesis, empirical data analysis and field experiments, will be based on two primary networks of long-term forest inventory plots: the global ForestGEO network and the network of long-term national forest inventory plots maintained in Canada, the USA and Europe. This research will contribute new knowledge about mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance and will provide evidence to interpret global biodiversity change in forests across several spatial scales. The deliverable concepts, models, methods and syntheses developed will enhance our ability to understand and predict the impact of changes in climate and land-use on forest dynamics and ecological function to guide for better conservation and management of biodiversity in Canada and elsewhere.

知道自然界中有多少物种或给定的景观，并了解它们在生态系统中的组装方式可以说是生态学中最重要的问题之一。这种知识对于预测生态系统对自然和人为障碍的反应至关重要，并为生物多样性保护和管理提供了关键决策。尽管已经提出了许多方法来调整景观中物种的数量，但对其性能几乎没有共识。此外，有关现实世界多样性变化的当前数据表明，我们有很多了解维持或推动生物多样性变化的机制。在CRC更新的背景下，我将通过创新的研究来解决这些知识差距。在我现有的优势和该领域的持续工作的基础上，我旨在开发方法和理论，以改善物种多样性，综合多样性模式以及测试有关主要生物多样性机制的假设。具体而言，我将解决四个相互关联的研究组件，对于了解生物多样性模式以及它们如何发展和维护至关重要。这些如下：（1）开发一种用于测量和合成生物多样性模式的“生物多样性计算”； （2）测试维持物种组合的生态过程，对测试植物土壤反馈对植物物种多样性的作用特别感兴趣； （3）预测气候和土地利用变化对生物多样性的影响； （4）应用最先进的结果来支持生态系统的可持续管理，并为加拿大和其他国家 /地区的创新土地使用政策提供信息。这项涉及理论发展，概念综合，经验数据分析和现场实验的研究将基于两个长期森林库存图的主要网络：全球林区网络和加拿大维护的长期国家森林库存图网络，美国和欧洲。这项研究将有助于有关生物多样性维持机制的新知识，并将提供证据来解释几个空间尺度上森林的全球生物多样性变化。开发的可交付概念，模型，方法和合成将增强我们理解和预测气候变化和土地利用对森林动态和生态功能的影响的能力，以指导加拿大和其他地方的生物多样性更好地保护和管理。