Quarks in cosmos and heavy ion collisions

宇宙中的夸克和重离子碰撞

• 批准号: SAPIN-2019-00033
• 负责人: Zhitnitsky, Ariel
• 金额: $ 6.92万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763137
• 关键词: Quarks; cosmos; heavy; ion; collisions

There are fundamental links between cosmology and particle physics, which have been well established at all scales. In particular, the physics of the early Universe, baryogenesis, cosmological nucleosynthesis are based on our modern understanding of particle physics. The goal of the project is the study of QCD in the unusual environment when temperature T, chemical potential and the so-called theta parameter are non-zero. It is generally accepted that the theta parameter was not zero during the QCD epoch in early Universe. It is assumed that the theta parameter relaxes to zero as a result of the dynamics of the axion field, which was postulated 40 years ago to resolve the so-called strong CP problem. The main objective of the proposal is to study a variety of different physics effects related to the dynamics of the axion field during the QCD transition. There are few themes in the project which are inherently related: 1. The analysis in a simplified version of QCD, the so-called ``deformed QCD" which however preserves all the relevant elements of strongly coupled QCD such as confinement, degeneracy of topological sectors, nontrivial theta dependence, and many other important aspects which allow us to test some fascinating features of strongly interacting QCD. 2. Application of these fundamentally new ideas to heavy ion collisions, astrophysics and cosmology. In particular, I am closely collaborating with senior astrophysics people and particle physics experimentalists to test a proposal that the dark matter problem and baryogenesis problem are inherently linked  to each other and should be solved simultaneously as the observed dark matter density and the observed baryon density are very similar in magnitudes. If these components are originated from different physics they must be drastically different, in contrast with present observations. The key element in this proposal is the presence of non-vanishing CP-odd parameter theta which generates the observed asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the Universe as a result of the so-called charge separation effect. This proposal gives very specific and unique predictions which can be tested by a number of existing and upgraded instruments such as upgraded CAST (CERN Axion Search Telescope).  3.The third part of my project is based on the observation that very subtle elements of the theoretical construction from item 1 could be tested in a table top experiment. The measuring of the so-called Topological Casimir Effect (TCE) may shed some light on the nature of the so-called vacuum energy. Similar table top experiment could be designed to be sensitive to the theta parameter itself in the Maxwell Theory. The suggested idea on measuring of the TCE is very different from all previous proposals which are sensitive to the derivatives of theta, but not to theta parameter itself.

宇宙学和粒子物理学之间存在基本联系，宇宙生成，宇宙合成是基于我们对粒子物理学的现代化。在早期宇宙中的QCD时期中的T零是零的，这是轴上磁场的零，该轴是在40年前提出的。研究项目在项目中的WEW主题期间与轴突场的动力学相关的各种扩散，它们本质上相关）CD，即所谓的``变形QCD''，但是保留了强烈耦合QCD的所有相关元素，例如限制，拓扑分泌者的退化性，非平凡的theta依赖性以及许多其他相互作用QCD的引人入胜的特征。物理学实验者测试一个问题，而固有地与彼此联系在一起，因为观察到的深色标记标记标记了Baryon密度在幅度中非常相似，如果这些组件起源于不同的物理学。与当前的观察相反，该提案的关键要素是由于所谓的分离效应而产生了宇宙中观察到的不对称性的CP-ODD参数Theta经过许多现有的升级和升级的仪器（例如升级式）（Cern Axion搜索望远镜）。效应（TCE）可能会对所谓的真空能量的性质进行一些影响。本身。