Theories of hot and dense matter: from hydrodynamics to holography

热致密物质理论：从流体动力学到全息术

• 批准号: SAPIN-2020-00050
• 负责人: Kovtun, Pavel
• 金额: $ 5.46万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763025
• 关键词: Theories; hot; dense; matter; hydrodynamics

As Heraclitus pointed out long time ago, everything flows. In Physics, things which flow are described by fluid dynamics, a collection of equations governing the flow in a precise mathematical sense. Many different physical systems may flow in the same way, as determined by the symmetry of their microscopic constituents. A simple example would be the flow of a gas and of a normal fluid. Less common examples may involve the relativistic symmetry that governs the behaviour of matter which moves at speeds close to the speed of light: that symmetry ensures that certain atomic gases, quantum magnets, and the quark-gluon plasma of the early Universe obey the same fluid-dynamical laws. Several years ago, it was understood that black holes may also flow, in exactly the same way liquids do. Thus the study of fluid dynamics translates to the study of black hole dynamics, and vice versa. The liquids relevant to this black-hole/fluid correspondence are highly quantum-mechanical, and seem to flow in virtually the same way as the quark-gluon plasma created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in Brookhaven, and at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This connection between black holes and quantum liquids combined with the renewed interest in relativistic hydrodynamics due to the experimental heavy-ion program has recently led to important progress in the field as old as classical fluid dynamics. This proposal will focus on understanding hot and dense relativistic matter, and on connecting its mathematical description with black hole physics. The questions to be explored include macroscopic fluid flows, thermal and quantum fluctuations, correlations, quantum-mechanical anomalies, matter in external fields, and the associated physical effects.

正如赫拉克利图斯（Heraclitus）很久以前指出的那样，一切都在流动。在物理学中，流动的事物是由流体动力学描述的，流体动力学的集合以精确的数学含义来控制流动。许多不同的物理系统可能以相同的方式流动，这取决于它们的微观成分的对称性。一个简单的例子是气体和正常流体的流动。较不常见的例子可能涉及控制物质行为的相对论对称性，该行为以接近光速的速度移动：对称性可确保某些原子质气体，量子磁铁和早期宇宙的夸克 - 格鲁恩等离子体的同一流体遵守同一流体 - 动力定律。 几年前，据了解，黑洞也可能以液体的方式流动。因此，对流体动力学的研究转化为黑洞动力学的研究，反之亦然。与这种黑孔/流体对应关系相关的液体是高度量子力学的，似乎以与在布鲁克黑文的相对论重离子撞机上产生的夸克 - 葡萄糖等离子体相同，在CERN的大型Handron撞机机上流动。 。黑洞和量子液体之间的这种联系以及由于实验重离子程序而引起的相对论流体动力学的新兴趣最近导致了该领域的重要进展，就像经典的流体动力学一样古老。 该建议将集中于理解热和密集的相对论问题，并将其数学描述与黑洞物理学联系起来。要探索的问题包括宏观流体流，热和量子波动，相关性，机械机械异常，外部田间物质以及相关的物理效应。