Neutrinos exposed: from the cosmos to deep underground

暴露的中微子：从宇宙到地下深处

• 批准号: SAPPJ-2020-00041
• 负责人: Harris, Deborah
• 金额: $ 13.66万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=762992
• 关键词: Neutrinos; exposed; cosmos; deep; underground

The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics describes many of the universe's fundamental laws with high precision, yet it still fails to explain certain observations. The most glaring deviation from the SM is the Canadian-Japanese Nobel-prize winning discovery that revealed that one flavor of neutrino can oscillate into another. Another observation the SM cannot explain is the fact that the universe is filled with matter and not just light, the product of matter-antimatter annihilation. Furthermore, there are hints of additional neutrinos or exotic interactions not predicted by the SM. Observing a violation of the matter-antimatter symmetry by neutrinos would be a groundbreaking discovery and could explain the matter that remains today. Moreover, measurements of supernova neutrinos will be key to understand the dynamics of supernovae and provide more information on neutrinos. A global effort is underway to make the next breakthrough in neutrino physics by measuring the details of neutrino masses and how neutrinos change over time. To maintain Canada's world-leading reputation in neutrino physics, participation in this effort is essential. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) represents a bold step forward with a new detector technology and the ability to measure neutrinos over an extremely broad energy range. Poised to start in 2024, DUNE will consist of two massive detectors: one located at Fermilab in Illinois, and one located 1300 km away in South Dakota. DUNE will use neutrino beams with energy spectra broader than any other experiment. This spectrum offers a unique opportunity to measure the nature of the neutrino masses, to quantify the matter-antimatter symmetry violation, and to potentially discover additional neutrinos. In addition, the Far Detector will be sensitive to atmospheric and supernovae neutrinos. The success of DUNE relies on several components: a robust plan for detector calibration, careful design for the data acquisition components, and a program to ensure precise accelerator-beam measurements: a stable neutrino beam and accurate models of how neutrinos interact.  This proposal provides important input in these areas that take advantage of the PI's expertise, and more broadly the Canadian expertise that has been so crucial in the ATLAS and T2K experiments. This year Deborah Harris and Claire David started at York University as full and assistant Professors, and Nikolina Ilic started as an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto and an Institute of Particle Physics Research Scientist. This proposal supports a team that will collaborate internationally in both detector development and physics analysis, to benefit DUNE.  The team supported by this grant will collaborate internationally, using high performance computing to simulate and analyze data. They will use that experience both to take the next leap forward in neutrino physics and to prepare for the next steps in their careers.

粒子物理学的标准模型（SM）以很高的精度描述了许多宇宙的基本定律，但仍无法解释某些观察结果。与SM的最明显的偏离是加拿大 - 日本诺贝尔奖的获奖发现，该发现表明一种神经元的味道可以旋转到另一种。 SM无法解释的另一个观察结果是，宇宙充满了物质，而不仅仅是光线灭绝的产物。此外，SM没有预测的其他神经元或外来相互作用的迹象。观察神经元对物质 - 抗后分对称性的行为将是一个开创性的发现，可以解释今天剩下的事情。此外，超新星神经元的测量将是了解超新星动力学并提供有关神经元的更多信息的关键。通过测量神经元肿块的细节以及神经元如何随着时间的推移而变化，为实现神经元物理的下一个突破而进行了全球努力。为了维持加拿大在神经元物理学方面的世界领先地位，参与这项工作至关重要。深地下中微子实验（Dune）代表着具有新的检测器技术和在极宽的能量范围内测量神经元的能力的大胆一步。沙丘有望从2024年开始，将由两个大型探测器组成：一个位于伊利诺伊州的费米拉布，另一个位于南达科他州1300公里。沙丘将使用具有能量光谱广播的神经元束比任何其他实验。该频谱提供了一个独特的机会来衡量神经元肿块的性质，量化物质抗对称对称性的违规行为，并可能发现其他神经元。此外，远探测器将对大气和超新星中微子敏感。沙丘的成功取决于几个组成部分：探测器校准的强大计划，对数据采集组件进行仔细的设计以及确保精确加速器梁测量的程序：稳定的神经元束和神经元如何相互作用的准确模型。该提案在这些领域中提供了重要的意见，以利用PI的专业知识，更广泛地说，加拿大的专业知识在地图集和T2K实验中至关重要。今年，黛博拉·哈里斯（Deborah Harris）和克莱尔·戴维（Claire David）在约克大学（York University）担任完整助理教授，尼科利纳·伊利克（Nikolina Ilic）在多伦多大学（University of Toronto）和粒子物理研究科学家研究所担任助理教授。该建议支持将在探测器开发和物理分析中进行国际合作的团队，以使沙丘受益。这笔赠款支持的团队将使用高性能计算来模拟和分析数据。他们将利用这一经验来实现神经元物理学的下一个飞跃，并为职业生涯的下一步做准备。