Neutrinos exposed: from the cosmos to deep underground

暴露的中微子：从宇宙到地下深处

• 批准号: SAPPJ-2020-00041
• 负责人: Harris, Deborah
• 金额: $ 13.66万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=762992
• 关键词: Neutrinos; exposed; cosmos; deep; underground

The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics describes many of the universe's fundamental laws with high precision, yet it still fails to explain certain observations. The most glaring deviation from the SM is the Canadian-Japanese Nobel-prize winning discovery that revealed that one flavor of neutrino can oscillate into another. Another observation the SM cannot explain is the fact that the universe is filled with matter and not just light, the product of matter-antimatter annihilation. Furthermore, there are hints of additional neutrinos or exotic interactions not predicted by the SM. Observing a violation of the matter-antimatter symmetry by neutrinos would be a groundbreaking discovery and could explain the matter that remains today. Moreover, measurements of supernova neutrinos will be key to understand the dynamics of supernovae and provide more information on neutrinos. A global effort is underway to make the next breakthrough in neutrino physics by measuring the details of neutrino masses and how neutrinos change over time. To maintain Canada's world-leading reputation in neutrino physics, participation in this effort is essential. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) represents a bold step forward with a new detector technology and the ability to measure neutrinos over an extremely broad energy range. Poised to start in 2024, DUNE will consist of two massive detectors: one located at Fermilab in Illinois, and one located 1300 km away in South Dakota. DUNE will use neutrino beams with energy spectra broader than any other experiment. This spectrum offers a unique opportunity to measure the nature of the neutrino masses, to quantify the matter-antimatter symmetry violation, and to potentially discover additional neutrinos. In addition, the Far Detector will be sensitive to atmospheric and supernovae neutrinos. The success of DUNE relies on several components: a robust plan for detector calibration, careful design for the data acquisition components, and a program to ensure precise accelerator-beam measurements: a stable neutrino beam and accurate models of how neutrinos interact.  This proposal provides important input in these areas that take advantage of the PI's expertise, and more broadly the Canadian expertise that has been so crucial in the ATLAS and T2K experiments. This year Deborah Harris and Claire David started at York University as full and assistant Professors, and Nikolina Ilic started as an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto and an Institute of Particle Physics Research Scientist. This proposal supports a team that will collaborate internationally in both detector development and physics analysis, to benefit DUNE.  The team supported by this grant will collaborate internationally, using high performance computing to simulate and analyze data. They will use that experience both to take the next leap forward in neutrino physics and to prepare for the next steps in their careers.

粒子物理学的标准模型（SM）高精度地描述了许多宇宙的基本定律，但它仍然无法解释某些观测结果。与标准模型最明显的偏差是加拿大和日本联合获得诺贝尔奖的发现，该发现揭示了这一点。 SM 无法解释的另一个观察结果是，宇宙中充满了物质，而不仅仅是光，这是物质与反物质湮灭的产物。此外，还有其他迹象。观测到中微子对物质-反物质对称性的破坏将是一个突破性的发现，并且可以解释今天残留的物质。此外，超新星中微子的测量将是理解超新星动力学的关键。并提供有关中微子的更多信息，全球正在努力通过测量中微子质量的细节以及中微子如何随时间变化来实现中微子物理学的下一个突破。为了保持加拿大在中微子物理学方面的世界领先声誉，参与这项工作至关重要，它代表了新探测器技术和在极其广泛的能量范围内测量中微子的能力向前迈出的大胆一步。从 2024 年开始，DUNE 将由两个大型探测器组成：一个位于伊利诺伊州费米实验室，另一个位于 1300 公里外的南达科他州，将使用中微子束。该光谱提供了一个独特的机会来测量中微子质量的性质，量化物质-反物质对称性破坏，并可能发现更多的中微子。此外，远探测器将对中微子敏感。 DUNE 的成功依赖于几个组成部分：探测器校准的稳健计划、数据采集组件的精心设计以及确保精确的加速器束测量的程序：稳定的加速器束测量。中微子束和中微子相互作用的精确模型​该提案为这些领域提供了重要的投入，利用了 PI 的专业知识，更广泛地利用了在今年的 ATLAS 和 T2K 实验中至关重要的加拿大专业知识。克莱尔·大卫 (Claire David) 最初在约克大学担任全职教授和助理教授，尼科利娜·伊利奇 (Nikolina Ilic) 最初在多伦多大学担任助理教授，并担任粒子物理研究所的科学家。该提案支持一个将在以下领域进行国际合作的团队。探测器开发和物理分析，使 DUNE 受益，该资助支持的团队将进行国际合作，利用高性能计算来模拟和分析数据，他们将利用这些经验来推动中微子物理学的下一次飞跃，并为中微子物理学做好准备。他们职业生涯的下一步。