Energy capture, storage, and distribution to achieve high solar-fraction housing

能量捕获、存储和分配，以实现高太阳能比例住房

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03810
• 负责人: BeausoleilMorrison, Ian
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759502
• 关键词: Energy; capture; storage; distribution; achieve

Heating, cooling, and ventilating the built environment we live in, and providing the hot water, lighting, and appliance services we need, consumes tremendous amounts of energy.  This contributes significantly to environmental and energy security issues.  For example, housing accounts for 33% of all electricity and 24% of all natural gas consumed in Canada, and produces 13% of the country's greenhouse gas emissions.  Despite significant efforts made by governments and industry over the past 40 years, energy use by Canadian housing continues to rise. The solar radiation incident upon the exterior of an average-sized house (regardless of orientation) greatly exceeds the building's annual energy requirements.  In most cool and cold climates, space and water heating account for the majority of residential energy demand.  For example, more than 80% of all energy consumed in Canadian housing is for these two end uses, which can be serviced by a supply of low-grade (<80oC) heat.  Therefore, the majority of these energy demands could be met by exploiting the locally available solar resource, but this is greatly complicated by temporal supply-demand mismatches.  It is common to limit passive solar gains to buildings by restricting the area of south-facing windows, this to prevent overheating that can occur during a few hours on particular spring and summer days.  The strong seasonal mismatch between solar supply and building thermal demands is an even greater challenge: approximately 80% of the solar radiation incident upon an average-sized house occurs outside the principle space-heating period of mid-November through mid-March. The objectives of this research are to study and critically examine two related novel concepts aimed at maximizing the use of solar energy for providing space and water heating.  One concept involves the seasonal storage of thermal energy wherein the solar energy that is abundant during the summer is captured and stored for use during the winter.  The second concept involves capturing and storing excess passive solar gains that are admitted through south-facing windows using thermally activated building systems and heat pumps.  The goal is to find solutions that achieve solar fractions for space and water heating (the fraction of the thermal demands met by solar energy) in the order of 80%.  The widespread adoption of such concepts could lead to a two thirds reduction in the consumption of natural gas and electricity of Canadian housing.  This research will also provide new fundamental knowledge on heat transfer within seasonal thermal stores, heat transfer between buried thermal stores and their surrounds, and transient heat transfer within thermally activated building systems.

加热，冷却和通风我们所生活的建筑环境，并提供所需的热水，照明和设备服务，可以消耗大量的能源。这对环境和能源安全问题产生了重大贡献。例如，住房占所有电力的33％，占加拿大消耗的所有天然气的24％，占该国13％的温室气体排放。尽管过去40年来政府和行业付出了巨大的努力，但加拿大住房的能源使用仍在不断上升。太阳辐射事件发生在平均大小的房屋的外部（无论介学如何）都超过了建筑物的年能量需求。在大多数凉爽和寒冷的气候中，空间和水的供水占住宅能源需求的大部分。例如，加拿大住房中消耗的所有能量中有80％用于这两种用途，可以通过低级（<80oc）热量来维修。因此，可以通过利用当地可用的太阳资源来满足这些能源需求中的大多数，但是暂时的供求需求不匹配使这非常复杂。通常，通过限制朝南窗户的面积来限制被动太阳能收益，这是为了防止在特定春季和夏季几个小时内发生过热。太阳能供应与建筑热需求之间的强烈季节性不匹配是一个更大的挑战：在平均大小的房屋中，大约80％的太阳辐射事件发生在11月中旬至3月中旬的主要空间加热时期之外。这项研究的目的是研究和批判性地研究两个相关的新型概念，旨在最大程度地利用太阳能提供空间和水的供暖。一个概念涉及热能的季节性存储，其中夏季捕获并存储了丰富的太阳能，以便在冬季使用。第二个概念涉及捕获和存储多余的被动太阳能收益，这些太阳能通过使用热激活的建筑系统和热泵通过向南的窗户接收。目的是找到实现太阳分数的溶液，以达到80％的订单，以实现空间和水的加热（太阳能的热量需求的一部分）。这种概念的宽度采用可能导致降低加拿大住房的天然气和电力的三分之二。这项研究还将提供有关季节性热店内传热的新基本知识，建筑热店及其周围环境之间的传热以及热激活建筑系统中的瞬时传热。