Energy capture, storage, and distribution to achieve high solar-fraction housing

能量捕获、存储和分配，以实现高太阳能比例住房

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03810
• 负责人: BeausoleilMorrison, Ian
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759502
• 关键词: Energy; capture; storage; distribution; achieve

Heating, cooling, and ventilating the built environment we live in, and providing the hot water, lighting, and appliance services we need, consumes tremendous amounts of energy.  This contributes significantly to environmental and energy security issues.  For example, housing accounts for 33% of all electricity and 24% of all natural gas consumed in Canada, and produces 13% of the country's greenhouse gas emissions.  Despite significant efforts made by governments and industry over the past 40 years, energy use by Canadian housing continues to rise. The solar radiation incident upon the exterior of an average-sized house (regardless of orientation) greatly exceeds the building's annual energy requirements.  In most cool and cold climates, space and water heating account for the majority of residential energy demand.  For example, more than 80% of all energy consumed in Canadian housing is for these two end uses, which can be serviced by a supply of low-grade (<80oC) heat.  Therefore, the majority of these energy demands could be met by exploiting the locally available solar resource, but this is greatly complicated by temporal supply-demand mismatches.  It is common to limit passive solar gains to buildings by restricting the area of south-facing windows, this to prevent overheating that can occur during a few hours on particular spring and summer days.  The strong seasonal mismatch between solar supply and building thermal demands is an even greater challenge: approximately 80% of the solar radiation incident upon an average-sized house occurs outside the principle space-heating period of mid-November through mid-March. The objectives of this research are to study and critically examine two related novel concepts aimed at maximizing the use of solar energy for providing space and water heating.  One concept involves the seasonal storage of thermal energy wherein the solar energy that is abundant during the summer is captured and stored for use during the winter.  The second concept involves capturing and storing excess passive solar gains that are admitted through south-facing windows using thermally activated building systems and heat pumps.  The goal is to find solutions that achieve solar fractions for space and water heating (the fraction of the thermal demands met by solar energy) in the order of 80%.  The widespread adoption of such concepts could lead to a two thirds reduction in the consumption of natural gas and electricity of Canadian housing.  This research will also provide new fundamental knowledge on heat transfer within seasonal thermal stores, heat transfer between buried thermal stores and their surrounds, and transient heat transfer within thermally activated building systems.

加热，冷却和通风我们居住的建筑环境，提供热水，我们需要的能量数量很大。在加拿大，所有天然气中的24％产生了该国的13％的温室气体发射剂。在大多数凉爽和寒冷的气候中，平均大小的房屋（无论方向如何）大多数。在加拿大住房中，可以通过利用本地可用的太阳能资源来满足这些能源需求的供应，这可以通过这些能源需求的供应来服务，但这非常复杂朝南的窗户，这是为了防止在特定的春季和夏季几个小时内发生过热。至11月中旬至3月中旬的原则空间时期。捕获并存储在冬天的概念。水加热（太阳能的热量需求）降低了加拿大住房的天然气和电力的量。在热激活的建筑系统中进行TR Ansient热传递。