Feeding strategies favoring dam and calf health and performance: a winning combination for dairy farms

有利于母牛和犊牛健康和生产性能的饲喂策略：奶牛场的制胜组合

• 批准号: CCARD-2022-00027
• 负责人: Pruneau, Jérôme
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Collège d'Alma
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: CCI Applied Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=756717
• 关键词: Feeding; strategies; favoring; dam; calf

The transition period from -3 to 3 weeks relative to the parturition is challenging for modern dairy cows as several health problems might occur. For instance, an inadequate precalving diet can exacerbate the state of negative energy balance in early lactation and then favor an excessive body reserve mobilization leading to metabolic diseases. Calves are born with a non-functionnal immune system and they rely on colostrum consumption to get immunoglobulin to fight against potential infectious agents. Early lactation and early life problems for cows and calves, respectively, cause severe monetary loss for dairy producers. This project aims to identify nutritional strategies optimizing colostrum quality and cow and calf health during the peri-partum period in commercial dairy herds. Specifically, B vitamins have important roles in several reactions linked to energy and protein metabolism, DNA methylation and cell growth. These vitamins are produced by rumen bacteria which are affected by cow nutrition. We hypothesize that certain types of precalving rations, without the use of B-vitamin supplements, optimize B-vitamin status of the dam during the peri-partum period and of the colostrum. Intake of this colostrum by the calves would be beneficial by increasing their B-vitamin supply and possibly by improving epigenetic programmation as vitamin B9 has a role in DNA methylation. Calves do not have a functional rumen at birth and rely on B-vitamin supply to fulfill their requirements. Optimizing dam B-vitamin status around parturition through the precalving diet as well as the calf status would decrease cow and calf health problems and then avoid monetary loss. A total of 75 Canadian herds and 375 cow-calf pairs will be blood sampled in this project. Links between B-vitamin maternal status, colostral immunoglobulin concentrations and epigenetic profile would be done. It is essential to assess nutritional factors influencing colostral immunoglobulin concentration to maximize their concentrations. For the use of the partner organizations, recommandations would be developed on diet type (ex. percentage of corn silage) or nutritive composition (ex. percentages of fiber and starch) to favor in pre-calving rations to optimize B-vitamin statuses of the cow and the calf and B-vitamin and immunoglobulin concentrations of the colostrum to maximize their health during this challenging period.

相对于分娩的-3周到3周的过渡期对于现代奶牛来说是一个挑战，因为可能会出现一些健康问题。例如，产犊前饮食不足会加剧哺乳早期的能量负平衡状态，进而导致身体储备过度动员，导致代谢疾病。小牛生来就没有功能性的免疫系统，它们依靠消耗初乳来获取免疫球蛋白来对抗潜在的传染源。奶牛和小牛的早期泌乳和早期生命问题分别给乳制品生产商造成严重的经济损失。该项目旨在确定优化商业奶牛群初乳质量以及围产期奶牛和犊牛健康的营养策略。具体来说，B 族维生素在与能量和蛋白质代谢、DNA 甲基化和细胞生长相关的多种反应中发挥着重要作用。这些维生素是由受奶牛营养影响的瘤胃细菌产生的。我们假设某些类型的产前日粮，在不使用 B 族维生素补充剂的情况下，可以优化母猪在围产期和初乳中的 B 族维生素状态。犊牛摄入这种初乳将有益于增加 B 族维生素的供应，并可能改善表观遗传编程，因为维生素 B9 在 DNA 甲基化中发挥作用。小牛出生时没有功能性瘤胃，需要依靠 B 族维生素供应来满足其需求。通过产犊前饮食优化母牛分娩前后 B 族维生素的状态以及犊牛的状况，可以减少母牛和犊牛的健康问题，从而避免金钱损失。该项目将对总共 75 个加拿大牛群和 375 对牛犊进行血液采样。将建立 B 族维生素母体状态、初乳免疫球蛋白浓度和表观遗传特征之间的联系。评估影响初乳免疫球蛋白浓度的营养因素以最大化其浓度至关重要。对于合作伙伴组织的使用，将制定日粮类型（例如玉米青贮饲料的百分比）或营养成分（例如纤维和淀粉的百分比）的建议，以支持产犊前的日粮，以优化牛的 B 族维生素状态母牛和小牛的初乳中 B 族维生素和免疫球蛋白的浓度，可在这一充满挑战的时期最大限度地保持健康。