Coherent Microwave Scattering from Rough Surface-capped Inhomogeneous Volumes encountered in Land and Maritime Environments

陆地和海洋环境中粗糙表面覆盖的不均匀体积的相干微波散射

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06754
• 负责人: Rabus, Bernhard
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=752987
• 关键词: Coherent; Microwave; Scattering; Rough; Surface

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a remote sensing technique that transmits microwave radiation and focuses the recorded backscatter of the Earth into corresponding SAR images using sophisticated computer algorithms. These images reveal details and characteristics of the Earth's surface and the volume layers or structures close to it, such as snow, vegetation, human infrastructure, ocean features, sea ice, and ships. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) compares two or more SAR images acquired over the same area, but at different times, to derive subtle changes between the images. SAR and InSAR are critical technologies for applications such as maritime surveillance and environmental monitoring. While, there have been tremendous advances in SAR technology, techniques, and applications, some of the underlying fundamental processes and detailed physics of active microwave scattering from land and maritime environments remain insufficiently explored and understood. I propose to study open fundamental research questions on the interaction of active microwaves with surface matter such as vegetation, soil, ocean, and ice/ snow. 1) Investigate how microwaves interact with bare, uncovered soil with realistic, variable moisture distributions. Find how soil parameters such as near surface bulk moisture and vertical moisture gradients can be extracted from the strength and delay of the microwave signal. The anticipated results will be important for new and improved SAR applications that depend on soil moisture data, in areas ranging from agriculture yield prediction to mine field clearance.2) Study how microwave scatter from Earth environments is correlated between acquisitions at different times and with different spatial characteristics. The results will be used to find a general correlation model (InSAR coherence) for representative Earth environments as a function of microwave properties. The anticipated results will have an important down-stream impact on InSAR applications, ranging from vegetation parameter retrieval to displacement time series e.g. monitoring landslide movement and subsidence.3) Explore how microwaves of different wavelengths interact with realistic moving ocean surfaces, consisting of wind ripples and foam on top of larger waves. The anticipated results will lead to new and improved maritime SAR applications such as vessel detection and characterization. A better physical description of the ocean background (clutter) will increase our ability to detect smaller vessels in high sea states. I propose a unique combination of analytical description, computer simulations, and laboratory experiments to efficiently achieve the stated objectives. This approach will provide excellent opportunities for training highly qualified personnel for academia, space and IT industries, and government organizations such as the Canadian Space Agency and Environment Canada.

合成孔径雷达 (SAR) 是一种遥感技术，它发射微波辐射，并使用复杂的计算机算法将记录的地球反向散射聚焦成相应的 SAR 图像。这些图像揭示了地球表面以及靠近地球的体积层或结构的细节和特征，例如雪、植被、人类基础设施、海洋特征、海冰和船舶。干涉 SAR (InSAR) 比较在同一区域但不同时间获取的两个或多个 SAR 图像，以得出图像之间的细微变化。 SAR 和 InSAR 是海上监视和环境监测等应用的关键技术。 虽然合成孔径雷达技术、技术和应用取得了巨大进步，但陆地和海洋环境中主动微波散射的一些基本过程和详细物理现象仍未得到充分探索和理解。我建议研究有关主动微波与植被、土壤、海洋和冰/雪等表面物质相互作用的开放基础研究问题。 1) 研究微波如何与具有真实的、可变的湿度分布的裸露、未覆盖的土壤相互作用。了解如何从微波信号的强度和延迟中提取土壤参数，例如近地表大量水分和垂直水分梯度。 预期结果对于依赖于土壤湿度数据的新的和改进的 SAR 应用非常重要，涉及的领域包括从农业产量预测到雷场清理等领域。2) 研究来自地球环境的微波散射如何在不同时间和不同条件下的采集之间相互关联。空间特征。 结果将用于寻找代表性地球环境作为微波特性函数的通用相关模型（InSAR 相干性）。预期结果将对 InSAR 应用产生重要的下游影响，范围从植被参数检索到位移时间序列，例如监测山体滑坡运动和沉降。3) 探索不同波长的微波如何与真实移动的海洋表面（由较大波浪顶部的风波纹和泡沫组成）相互作用。预期结果将带来新的和改进的海上 SAR 应用，例如船舶探测和特征描述。对海洋背景（杂波）的更好的物理描述将提高我们在高海况下检测小型船只的能力。 我提出了分析描述、计算机模拟和实验室实验的独特组合，以有效地实现既定目标。这种方法将为学术界、航天和信息技术行业以及加拿大航天局和加拿大环境部等政府组织培训高素质人才提供绝佳的机会。