Building Stronger Relationships Between Atmospheric Transport of Pesticides and Environmental Biomarkers

在农药的大气迁移与环境生物标志物之间建立更牢固的关系

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-05106
• 负责人: RainaFulton, Renata
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Regina
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=748481
• 关键词: Building; Stronger; Relationships; Between; Atmospheric

The role of the atmospheric transport pathway in the movement of pesticides in the environment is often observed directly or indirectly through regulatory change (canceled or restricted pesticide uses) or labeling changes such as warnings and need for an increase in the buffer zone for protection of sensitive habitat. Pesticides can undergo atmospheric transport in the gas or particle phase in the atmosphere from on-application site to off-site over a large geographical scale impacting rural communities dependent on agriculture. Additional environmental pressures from climate change include increased incidence of forest fires. The atmospheric transport pathway enables the movement of fine (diameter <2.5 microns) and coarse particles (measured using total or diameter<10 microns) produced from forest fires. Chemicals associated with these particles in the atmosphere include semi-volatile organics such as pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) further impacting the livelihood and health of rural communities. Agriculture is important to Canada's economy, and with a Prairie drought in 2021 there was a loss in crop production in Canada (wheat, barley, oats down 36, 27, 20 % from 2020). Farmers are managing the high cost of chemical pesticide applications, changing regulations, lack of new formulations in the marketplace, and rise in weed, disease, and insect resistance. There is also public concern regarding the impacts of pesticides on the environment (e.g. pollinator species) and human health. Our research comes at a critical time to enable the next steps in establishing direct and stronger ties between the atmospheric transport pathway of pesticides with the location of observed impacts in the environment. This research will examine the occurrence of particles, pesticides, and PAHs (where applicable) in all environmental compartments (e.g. air (gas and particles), soil, weeds, crops, and beehive exposure (by developing non-invasive beehive passive sampling)). By uncovering relationships, we will aid in establishing best management practices for the protection of lives and resources of farmers, beekeepers, and rural communities. Study areas include the Canadian Prairies, where grains and oilseeds (canola) are grown. We will initially focus on Saskatchewan and the Okanagan Valley with orchards and vineyards, all of which are critical to Canada's economy. These agricultural areas have differences in usage patterns of pesticides, crops types, climatic factors and are near forested areas with increased incidence of forest fires. This work demands advanced development and application of chemical analysis methods at trace levels using chromatography-mass spectrometry. We aim to extend our success not only for active ingredients in chemical pesticide formulations but also for the transformation products formed in the environment.  This research will identify pathways of movement in the environment and new emerging toxicity concerns.

大气传输路径在农药在环境中移动中的作用通常通过监管变化（取消或限制农药使用）或标签变化（例如警告和需要增加缓冲区以保护敏感物质）直接或间接观察到。农药可以在大气中以气体或颗粒相的形式在大范围的地理范围内从施用现场转移到场外，从而影响依赖农业的农村社区。气候变化带来的额外环境压力包括森林火灾发生率的增加。大气传输路径使森林火灾产生的细颗粒（直径 <2.5 微米）和粗颗粒（使用总直径或直径 <10 微米来测量）的移动与大气中这些颗粒相关的化学物质包括半挥发性有机物，例如杀虫剂和多环芳烃 (PAH)。 ) ) 进一步影响农村社区的生计和健康 农业对加拿大经济很重要，2021 年发生草原干旱，导致加拿大农作物产量下降（小麦、大麦、燕麦比 2020 年下降了 36%、27%、20%）。公众对农药对环境（例如传粉媒介物种）和人类健康影响的关注，我们的研究是在关键时刻进行的，以便下一步在农药的大气传输途径与农药之间建立直接和牢固的联系。本研究将检查所有环境部分（例如空气（气体和颗粒）、土壤、杂草、农作物和蜂箱暴露）中颗粒、农药和多环芳烃（如果适用）的影响（通过发展发生情况）。 ））通过揭示关系，我们将帮助建立保护农民、养蜂人和农村社区的生命和资源的最佳管理实践，研究区域包括加拿大大草原，那里有谷物和农作物。我们首先将重点关注拥有果园和葡萄园的萨斯喀彻温省和奥肯那根山谷，这些地区对加拿大经济至关重要，这些农业地区在农药使用模式、作物类型、气候因素方面存在差异，而且距离很近。这项工作需要使用色谱-质谱法进行痕量化学分析方法的先进开发和应用，我们的目标不仅是在活性成分方面取得成功。化学农药制剂以及在环境中形成的转化产物。​这项研究将确定环境中的移动途径和新出现的毒性问题。