Advanced anaerobic biotechnologies for transformation of municipal solid organic waste to (bio)chemicals

将城市固体有机废物转化为（生物）化学品的先进厌氧生物技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06315
• 负责人: Hussain, Abid
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=749064
• 关键词: Advanced; anaerobic; biotechnologies; transformation; municipal; Advanced; anaerobic; biotechnologies; transformation; municipal

Effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is vital for protecting public health and ensuring environmental sustainability. Landfilling of waste is the primary method of waste disposal in Canada, which can lead to adverse health and environmental effects, including formation of toxic gases, greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of subsurface environment. To address these issues, municipalities across Canada have set a zero-waste target to divert organic waste from landfills by 2030-2040. This has spurred interest in the development of technologies for sustainable management of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (food waste, garden waste, paper, etc.), which accounts for 30-40% of the waste disposed. Anaerobic biotechnologies provide dual advantage of simultaneous treatment and recovery of high-value products from organic waste and are therefore amongst the most promising solutions to this challenge. The proposed research focuses on the development of anaerobic biotechnologies for the conversion of solid organic waste to high-value chemicals such as carboxylates. Carboxylates are industrially important chemicals and are currently produced from non-renewable petrochemicals. Thus, anaerobic transformation of organic waste to carboxylates establishes an environmentally benign process for organic waste management and turns an environmental liability (organic waste) into an economic opportunity for Canada. The current anaerobic processes for conversion of organic waste to carboxylates suffers from the following major drawbacks: i) low degradation rate of the organic matter, ii) necessity of pre-treatment and dilution of organics due to unsuitable reactor designs and iii) lack of measures to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) generated during carboxylates production. The proposed research will address these critical drawbacks to advance sustainable, waste-derived carboxylates production. The applicant will pursue three key objectives to meet these goals: i) engineer a novel dry fermenter (DF) with an in-built technology for accelerating waste degradation rates and carboxylates production, ii) develop a microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system for subsequent conversion of CO2 generated in DF to carboxylates, to maximize carboxylates yield from organic waste and iii) fundamental understanding and optimization of the biological system (microbial populations) in DF and MES to further enhance carboxylate production, and create a highly effective and economical solution for sustainable organic waste management. This research program will also produce the next generation of highly qualified personnel (HQP) in the field of sustainable waste management by providing hands-on training on advanced analytical techniques and state of the art biotechnologies for resource recovery from waste. The HQP will lead innovation in this area and place Canada at the forefront in the fast-growing clean technology market.

市政固体废物（MSW）的有效管理对于保护公共卫生和确保环境可持续性至关重要。废物的垃圾填充是加拿大废物处置的主要方法，这可能导致不利的健康和环境影响，包括形成有毒气体，温室气体排放和地下环境的污染。为了解决这些问题，加拿大各地的市政当局设定了零废物的目标，以在2030 - 2040年之前从垃圾填埋场中转移有机废物。这激发了人们对开发市政固体废物有机分数（食物浪费，花园废物，纸，纸等）的可持续管理技术的兴趣，占废物处置的废物的30-40％。厌氧生物技术提供了同时处理和从有机废物中恢复高价值产品的双重优势，因此是解决这一挑战的最有希望的解决方案之一。 拟议的研究重点是开发厌氧生物技术，用于将固体有机废物转化为高价值化学物质，例如羧酸盐。羧酸盐是工业上重要的化学物质，目前是由不可再生的石化物产生的。因此，有机废物对羧酸盐的厌氧转化建立了有机废物管理的环境良性过程，并将环境责任（有机废物）变成了加拿大的经济机会。当前有机废物转化为羧酸盐的厌氧过程遭受以下主要缺点：i）有机物的低降解速率，ii）由于不适合反应堆设计和III所导致的有机物的必要性和iii引起的有机物稀释，并且缺乏捕获碳二氧化碳（CO2）生产的测量值。拟议的研究将解决这些关键缺点，以推动可持续的废物衍生的羧酸盐生产。 The applicant will pursue three key objectives to meet these goals: i) engineer a novel dry fermenter (DF) with an in-built technology for accelerating waste degradation rates and carboxylates production, ii) develop a microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system for subsequent conversion of CO2 generated in DF to carboxylates, to maximize carboxylates yield from organic waste and iii) fundamental understanding and optimization of the DF和MES中的生物系统（微生物种群），以进一步增强羧酸盐的生产，并为可持续的有机废物管理创造高效和经济的解决方案。 该研究计划还将在可持续废物管理领域生产下一代高素质的人员（HQP），通过提供有关先进的分析技术和最先进的生物技术的动手培训，以从废物中恢复资源。 HQP将领导该领域的创新，并将加拿大在快速增长的清洁技术市场处于最前沿。