Systematics of Cyperaceae: diversification, biogeography and evolution

莎草科系统学：多样化、生物地理学和进化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04115
• 负责人: Starr, Julian
• 金额: $ 4.08万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745592
• 关键词: Systematics; Cyperaceae; diversification; biogeography; evolution

My research focuses on the systematics of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), a remarkable group of plants characterized by their exceptional diversity (~5500 species), varied habitats (deserts to rain forests), unusual cytology (n = 6 - 56) and diverse biogeographical patterns. In the Flora of North America region (FNA), sedges represent nearly 4% of our native flora (10% in Canada); they are common to every floral region, and they dominate vast areas of the continent in terms of diversity and biomass. Nevertheless, sedges remain a poorly studied group whose classification and relationships are still unresolved. My long-term research goal is to discover and conserve sedge biodiversity and to arrange it in predictive, phylogenetic classifications that provide a comparative framework for testing evolutionary, biogeographic, and ecological hypotheses.Towards this long-term goal, we will focus on three short-term objectives. Objective 1 will develop a strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for Cyperaceae using next generation sequencing (NGS) to circumscribe sedge tribes and genera. The emphasis of sampling will be on the Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae (CDS) Clade to complete a reclassification of CDS (three new tribes and a subtribe; PhD continued) and on tribe Fuireneae (PhD 1) where data suggests Fuireneae could consist of as many as four separate tribes (collaboration with Drs. I. Larridon, Kew, and A. Monfils, Central Michigan Univ.). Objective 2 will build on two significant discoveries, the fact there are eight, not five major clades in the giant genus Carex (~2150 species), and that the small genus Sumatroscirpus (4 species) is sister to Carex, a result with far reaching implications for studying Carex evolution. PhD 2 will study all aspects of Sumatroscirpus biology for polarising Carex comparative analyses, and they will finally resolve Carex major clade relationships using NGS. Moreover, we will continue to collaborate with the Global Carex Group to produce a complete molecular phylogeny for Carex (~46% sequenced for ITS, ETS, matK; BSc students contributing), and to build on a four marker (ITS, ETS, matK, rps16) dataset for all FNA species to explore whole phenotype evolution and Carex diversification (PhD 3, collaboration with Drs. H. Cui, Univ. of Arizona and J. Macklin, Ag Canada). Objective 3 will revise and study the biology of the early diverging Carex sections Euprepes and Mapaniifoliae (MSc 1 s goal of polarising comparative analyses in Carex, and the training provided will address a problematic reduction in taxonomic capacity in Canada. The wider scientific impact of this research ranges from the discovery of new tribes, genera and species, to targeted drug discovery, an improved understanding of world biogeography and the role of chromosome evolution on plant diversification.

我的研究重点是莎草科（莎草科）的系统学，莎草科是一类非凡的植物，其特征在于其异常的多样性（约 5500 种）、多样化的栖息地（沙漠到雨林）、不寻常的细胞学（n = 6 - 56）和多样化生物地理模式。在北美植物区系 (FNA) 中，莎草占本土植物区系的近 4%（在加拿大为 10%）；它们在每个花卉区域都很常见，并且在多样性和生物量方面主导着非洲大陆的广大地区。尽管如此，莎草仍然是一个研究很少的群体，其分类和关系仍未解决。我的长期研究目标是发现和保护莎草生物多样性，并将其安排在预测性的系统发育分类中，为测试进化、生物地理学和生态假设提供比较框架。为了实现这一长期目标，我们将重点关注三个短期目标长期目标。目标 1 将使用下一代测序 (NGS) 来界定莎草族和属，为莎草科开发一个强有力的系统发育假说。采样的重点将放在 Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae (CDS) 进化枝上，以完成 CDS 的重新分类（三个新部落和一个亚部落；博士继续）和 Fuireneae 部落（博士 1），其中数据表明 Fuireneae 可能包括：多达四个独立的部落（与中密歇根大学 I. Larridon、Kew 和 A. Monfils 博士合作）。目标 2 将建立在两个重大发现的基础上，即巨型苔草属（约 2150 种）中有 8 个而不是 5 个主要分支，而小属 Sumatroscirpus（4 种）是苔草属的姐妹，这一结果具有深远的影响对研究苔草进化的意义。博士 2 将研究 Sumatroscirpus 生物学的各个方面，以进行极化苔草比较分析，并最终使用 NGS 解决苔草主要分支关系。此外，我们将继续与 Global Carex Group 合作，制定完整的 Carex 分子系统发育图（约 46% 的 ITS、ETS、matK 测序；理学学士学生贡献），并建立四个标记（ITS、ETS、matK） ，rps16）所有 FNA 物种的数据集，用于探索整个表型进化和苔草多样化（博士 3，与亚利桑那大学 H. Cui 博士和 J.麦克林，加拿大农业）。目标 3 将修改和研究早期分化的苔草部分 Euprepes 和 Mapaniifoliae 的生物学（理学硕士 1 的目标是对苔草进行极化比较分析，所提供的培训将解决加拿大分类能力下降的问题。这一点的更广泛的科学影响研究范围从新部落、属和物种的发现，到有针对性的药物发现、对世界生物地理学的深入了解以及染色体进化对植物多样化的作用。