Environmental change, seasonal interactions, and demographic responses of arctic-breeding birds

环境变化、季节性相互作用和北极繁殖鸟类的人口反应

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06391
• 负责人: Smith, Paul
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745892
• 关键词: Environmental; change; seasonal; interactions; demographic

Many shorebird species travel the length of the hemisphere from breeding grounds in the Arctic to wintering grounds in Central and South America. The conditions they encounter throughout the annual cycle can have interactive and profound influences on behaviour, physiological condition and ultimately demography. These seasonal interactions, or carry-over effects, can explain patterns that would be inexplicable at any one site in isolation and are increasingly viewed as important determinants of demographic processes. The harsh and unpredictable breeding conditions of the Arctic provide substantial variation with which to test hypotheses about seasonal interactions. This, coupled with arctic-breeding shorebirds' use of a restricted set of stopover sites during migration, makes for an ideal system within which to study the role of carry-over effects. My long-term research objective is to understand the times and locations at which populations of arctic birds are limited. Carry-over effects among seasons may play a crucial role in these demographic constraints. This proposal explores 1) how life history and individual behaviour influence the timing of arrival to the breeding grounds, body condition upon arrival and timing of breeding, 2) whether and how energetic constraints during the breeding season translate into fitness costs and 3) how environmental conditions at staging sites, including extreme weather events, can influence the timing of migration and birds' survival through the migratory phase. Collectively, these projects contribute to an understanding of shorebirds' population regulation throughout the annual cycle. The progression from site-based studies to whole-life-cycle modelling represents an important paradigm shift for ecologists in North America. The links among phases of the annual cycle are both fertile ground for scientific exploration and of substantial relevance for conservation. In North America and around the globe, long-distance migrants are declining more than other bird species. This pattern extends to shorebirds, most of which are declining and some of which have been recently listed under Species at Risk programs in Canada and the United States. A more complete understanding of seasonal interactions could better inform the management of these species by identifying the time periods and locations where conservation action is most urgently needed.

许多shore鸟物种从北极的繁殖场到中部和南美的冬季地面传播到半球的长度。 他们在整个年度周期中遇到的条件可能会对行为，生理状况以及最终人口统计学产生互动和深刻的影响。 这些季节性的相互作用或结转效果可以解释任何一个孤立的地点都无法解释的模式，并越来越被视为人口统计学过程的重要决定因素。 北极的严酷且不可预测的繁殖条件提供了实质性的差异，可通过测试有关季节性相互作用的假设。 加上北极繁殖的岸鸟在迁移过程中使用一组受限的中途停留地点，这是一个理想的系统，可以在其中研究结转效应的作用。 我的长期研究目标是了解北极鸟类受到限制的时间和地点。 季节之间的背负影响可能在这些人口限制中起关键作用。 该建议探讨1）生活史和个人行为如何影响到达的时机到达繁殖地，身体状况和育种时机的身体状况，2）2）在繁殖季节期间的充满活力的约束以及如何转化为健身成本，3）环境如何分期地点的条件（包括极端天气事件）可以影响迁移阶段的迁移和鸟类生存的时机。总的来说，这些项目在整个周期中对海岸鸟的人口监管有助于理解。 从基于站点的研究到全生活周期建模的发展代表了北美生态学家的重要范式转变。 年度周期阶段之间的联系既是科学探索的肥沃基础，也是保护的实质性相关性。 在北美和全球，长距离移民的下降比其他鸟类的下降更多。 这种模式扩展到海鸟，其中大多数正在下降，其中一些最近被列为加拿大和美国的风险计划中的物种。 通过确定最迫切需要保护行动的时间段和位置，对季节性相互作用的更全面了解可以更好地为这些物种的管理提供信息。