Arctic-subarctic coastal hazards and morphodynamics (AsCHMor)

北极-亚北极海岸灾害和形态动力学 (AsCHMor)

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03333
• 负责人: Didier, David
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745102
• 关键词: Arctic; subarctic; coastal; hazards; morphodynamics

Coastal storms shape coastlines at various scales and affect millions of people annually. Although widely studied in southern countries, storm impacts are still poorly understood in the Arctic because high-frequency measurements are hardly feasible on remote coasts. Coastal changes are nevertheless affecting Inuit communities, and are enhanced by permafrost thaw and sea ice reduction. The latter further contributes to increased wave heights. Extreme coastal events in arctic and subarctic regions are presumably caused by combined high water levels and waves, either under open or ice-infested waters. Cryogenic processes and hazards involve sea ice freeze/break-up, freeze-thaw cycles, and ice push ridges. Varying isostatic adjustments throughout the Arctic also result in contrasting sea-level variations that blur the impacts of coastal erosion and flooding. We hypothesize that frozen sediments also controls coastal overwash processes, and this is a primary concern for coastal management. On frozen coasts, it is therefore not trivial to predict coastal evolution in the long term. The objective of the Arctic-subarctic coastal hazards and morphodynamics (AsCHMor) research program is to significantly improve our understanding of coastal morphodynamics in the arctic-subarctic region and to enhance our capacity to simulate and predict future coastal behaviors under the impacts of climate change and increasing human pressure on the coast. The program targets two components of coastal hazards rarely explored in the Arctic. First, AsCHMor will be implemented (i) to better understand the complex interactions between beach sediment permeability and pore-ice saturation in the swash zone during energetic storms in northern Canadian communities. (ii) The second component integrates the exploration and application of empirical/numerical models of coastal total water levels in ice-infested waters at both regional and local scales to improve our risk management capacity. AsCHMor will be implemented throughout an iterative process using numerous observational, modeling, and technological development. Eleven HQP (5 B.Sc., 4 M.Sc., 2 Ph.D.) will perform field works on subarctic and High Arctic coastal communities (St. Lawrence Estuary, Hudson Bay, Jones Sound). Capitalizing on my previous works, a novel shore-based video network designed with national and international collaborators will be deployed. This proposal is unique and necessary to improve knowledge gaps in Arctic coastal dynamics and hazards. Its implementation will benefit northern communities by providing new predictive tools on fast-onset coastal disasters situations. It will increase autonomy in community decision-making through scientific research and monitoring. The long-term goal of AsHCMor is to strengthen Canada's forecasting services and early warnings in the north and to provide efficient information on time for evacuation and adaptation strategies in northern communities.

沿海风暴以各种规模塑造海岸线，并每年影响数百万的人。尽管在南部国家进行了广泛的研究，但在北极的影响仍然很少，因为在偏远的海岸上几乎是可行的。然而，沿海变化会影响因纽特人社区，并通过减少永久冻土和减产增强。后者进一步导致波高增加。北极和亚北极地区的极端沿海事件大概是由高水位和波浪共同引起的，无论是在开放或冰上注入冰的水下。低温过程和危害涉及海冰冻结/分解，冻融周期和冰脊。整个北极的不同等静止调整也导致对比的海平面变化，这些变化模糊了沿海侵蚀和洪水的影响。我们假设冷冻的沉积物还控制着沿海覆盖过程，这是沿海管理的主要关注点。因此，在冷冻的沿海地区，从长远来看，预测沿海进化并不是一件容易的事。 北极 - 北极沿海危害和形态动力学（ASCHMOR）研究计划的目的是显着提高我们对北极果区域中沿海形态动力学的理解，并增强我们在气候变化的影响下模拟和预测沿海压力的未来沿海行为的能力。该计划针对的是北极很少探索沿海危害的两个组成部分。首先，将实施Aschmor（i），以更好地理解在加拿大北部社区充满活力的风暴期间，在swash区的海滩沉积物渗透性和孔冰饱和度之间的复杂相互作用。 （ii）第二部分集成了区域和当地尺度上冰含水水中沿海水位的经验/数值模型的探索和应用，以提高我们的风险管理能力。 Aschmor将在整个迭代过程中使用众多观察，建模和技术发展实施。 11 HQP（5 B.Sc.，4 M.Sc.，2博士学位）将在亚北极和高北极沿海社区（St. Lawrence estuary，Hudson Bay，Hudson Bay，Jones Sound）进行野外作品。利用我以前的作品，将部署由国家和国际合作者设计的新型基于海岸的视频网络。该提案是独特的，也是改善北极沿海动态和危害的知识差距所必需的。它的实施将通过为快速发作的沿海灾难的情况提供新的预测工具来使北部社区受益。它将通过科学研究和监测来提高社区决策的自主权。阿什克莫尔（Ashcmor）的长期目标是加强北部的加拿大预测服务和早期警告，并为北部社区的疏散和适应策略提供有效的时间信息。