Quantum transport and hydrodynamics in strongly interacting systems: Symmetries, Quantum criticality and Entanglement

强相互作用系统中的量子输运和流体动力学：对称性、量子临界性和纠缠

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-07070
• 负责人: Zhou, Fei
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741269
• 关键词: Quantum; transport; hydrodynamics; strongly; interacting

Over the last decade or so, there has been enormous growing interest from both theorists and various experimental physics communities in quantum dynamics in strongly interacting regimes. Impressive theoretical progress has been made on various research fronts. On the experimental side, the cutting edge pulsed-laser based pump-probe technique that many solid state labs are developing and perfecting is opening a door to more studies of quantum dynamics. Very recent observation of Planckian transport and scale invariant transport in strongly interacting materials further indicates universal transport phenomena in a broad class of very different interacting condensed matter states. The transport dynamics observed further suggest a possible intimate connection between the universal Planckian transport and fastest information spreading near a black hole. Hydrodynamics of Dirac fermions had also been observed in graphene and a few months ago, viscous flow due to mutual-interactions between Dirac fermions was imaged. These studies, theoretical and experimental ones, have revealed fascinating and unexpected aspects of dynamics.These intensive experimental efforts and impressive successes further demand new theoretical efforts on non-equilibrium quantum phenomena in strongly interacting regimes. In this proposal, we will research on quantum dynamics including transport dynamics and hydrodynamics in strongly interacting quantum critical regimes that are (nearly) scale invariant. We will explore universal transport dynamics and quantum hydrodynamics that can potentially and naturally emerge in these interacting systems. We will specially examine and identify new dimensions in parameter spaces where deviations from universal dynamics can be studied in a controllable and pronounced way. The main objective of is to test the robustness of potential universal dynamic phenomena against experimental variables and understand the resultant dynamics, transport and hydrodynamics in quantum critical regimes. To achieve these objectives, we divide the proposal into two parts, each of which emphasizes a few particular universal aspects of dynamic phenomena as outlined below. And these aspects will be examined in different condensed matter systems including cold gases, depending on which are experimentally more relevant and more practical to realize in labs. Part I addresses Planckian transport phenomena and hydrodynamics in strongly interacting Dirac fermions in 2D and 3D semi-metals near charge neutrality points. Dirac points can be considered to be critical ones and further strong interactions can result in Planckian transport and relativistic viscous hydrodynamic flow in ultra clean semi-metals where impurity and phonon scatterings are negligible. Part II concerns emergent universal conformal dynamics in strongly interacting cold gases and Fermi-Bose quantum mixtures near Feshbach resonance, as well as in interacting solid states near Lifshitz transitions.

在过去的十年左右的时间里，理论家和各种实验物理群落在强烈相互作用的方案中都有巨大的兴趣。在各种研究方面取得了令人印象深刻的理论进步。在实验侧，许多固态实验室正在开发和完善的基于较切的基于脉冲激光螺旋形的泵探针技术，正在为更多的量子动力学研究打开一扇门。最近对Planckian运输和规模不变的运输的最新观察进一步表明，在一系列截然不同的相互作用的凝结物质状态中，普遍的运输现象。进一步观察到的运输动力学表明，普遍运输和在黑洞附近传播的最快信息之间可能存在紧密的联系。在石墨烯中也观察到了狄拉克费米的流体动力学，并且几个月前，由于狄拉克费米子之间的相互交流而引起的粘性流量。这些研究，理论和实验性的研究揭示了动态的引人入胜且出乎意料的方面。这些密集的实验努力和令人印象深刻的成功进一步要求在强烈相互作用的方案中对非平衡量子现象进行新的理论努力。 在此提案中，我们将研究量子动力学，包括（几乎）尺度不变的强烈相互作用的量子临界方案中的运输动力学和流体动力学。我们将探索可以在这些相互作用系统中潜在自然出现的通用传输动力学和量子流体动力学。我们将专门检查和确定参数空间中的新维度，在这些方面可以以可控且明显的方式研究通用动力学的偏差。主要目的是测试潜在的通用动态现象对实验变量的鲁棒性，并了解量子关键方案中所得的动力学，运输和流体动力学。为了实现这些目标，我们将提议分为两个部分，每个部分都强调了动态现象的一些特定普遍方面，如下所述。这些方面将在不同的冷凝物质系统中进行检查，包括冷气，具体取决于实验上更相关，更实用的实现。第一部分解决了2D和3D半金属中强烈相互作用的迪拉克费米（Dirac Fermions）中的Planckian转运现象和流体动力学。狄拉克点可以被认为是关键点，进一步的强相互作用可以导致普兰克运输和相对论的粘性水动力流在超干净的半金属中，在这种半金属中，杂质和声子散射可以忽略不计。第二部分涉及在Feshbach共振附近以及在Lifshitz转变附近的相互作用的固态中，在强烈相互作用的冷气和费米量子量子混合物中，紧密相互作用的通用共形动力学涉及。