Understanding and Modelling Canadian Urban Systems and their Climate Interactions for Resilience Building and Developing Climate Change Adaptation Measures

了解和模拟加拿大城市系统及其气候相互作用，以增强抵御能力并制定气候变化适应措施

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05238
• 负责人: Sushama, Laxmi
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=738139
• 关键词: Understanding; Modelling; Canadian; Urban; Systems

It is now increasingly clear that actions must be taken soon to address the impacts of climate change by adapting and developing viable strategies and technologies that are socially acceptable and are low-impact, whether it is for harsh climates such as in the Arctic or densely populated urban regions. Ultra-high resolution climate change information that is greatly desired in many impact and adaptation studies, particularly for Canada's urban regions, is severely lacking. The proposed research will address this important and emerging need in understanding how urban environments modify weather and climate, particularly in the Canadian context, in current and future climates. My long-term research objective is to advance knowledge of urban-climate-engineering-sustainability systems to support long-term planning and management of resilient and sustainable urban engineering systems, including infrastructure. During this Discovery Grant, I will focus on the urban-climate part, as this forms the basis of my long-term plan, which is less explored in the context of Canadian cities. To this effect, four exciting scientific questions will be addressed in the short term. They are: (1) How urban-weather/climate interactions differ for differently located and configured Canadian urban regions? (2) How urban precipitation effect varies in time and space and what are the underlying mechanisms? (3) Are there any emerging regional patterns in projected changes to urban climate and weather characteristics for Canadian cities? (4) How will urban extreme hydrometeorology change, including urban pluvial and fluvial flooding, in future climate and their implications on feedbacks and interactions? The research methodology will include numerical urban climate model development and its application in climate change experiments and sensitivity experiments to understand processes and mechanisms. The proposed research will deliver a world leading, very high-resolution urban-climate modelling system and new knowledge base for adapting urban systems to a changing climate. This will be beneficial to policymakers, planners, designers, engineers, contractors and others working on climate-resilient infrastructure and will create the opportunity for multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional links needed to prepare Canada for a sustainable future. This research will constitute a significantly progressive step forward for Canada, enabling better assessments and investigations related to adapting urban systems to a changing climate, which will lead to considerable economic savings due to the substantially increased service life and performance of urban systems. One of the other major contributions will be the training of a group of highly qualified personnel, in collaboration with government, industry and consulting engineering firms, in the area of high-resolution urban climate modelling and analysis, which is in great demand both nationally and internationally.

现在越来越清楚的是，必须尽快采取行动，通过适应和开发社会可接受且影响较小的可行战略和技术来应对气候变化的影响，无论是针对北极等恶劣气候还是人口稠密地区城市地区。许多影响和适应研究非常需要超高分辨率气候变化信息，特别是加拿大城市地区的信息，但目前却严重缺乏。拟议的研究将解决这一重要且新兴的需求，即了解城市环境如何改变天气和气候，特别是在加拿大背景下，在当前和未来的气候下。 我的长期研究目标是增进对城市气候工程可持续性系统的了解，以支持包括基础设施在内的弹性和可持续城市工程系统的长期规划和管理。在这项发现资助期间，我将重点关注城市气候部分，因为这构成了我长期计划的基础，而在加拿大城市的背景下对此进行的探索较少。为此，短期内将解决四个令人兴奋的科学问题。它们是：(1) 不同位置和配置的加拿大城市地区的城市-天气/气候相互作用有何不同？ （2）城市降水效应在时间和空间上如何变化以及其潜在机制是什么？ (3) 加拿大城市的城市气候和天气特征的预计变化是否存在新出现的区域模式？ (4) 城市极端水文气象，包括城市雨洪和河流洪水，在未来气候中将如何变化及其对反馈和相互作用的影响？研究方法将包括数值城市气候模型的开发及其在气候变化实验和敏感性实验中的应用，以了解过程和机制。 拟议的研究将提供世界领先的超高分辨率城市气候建模系统和新的知识库，使城市系统适应不断变化的气候。这将有利于政策制定者、规划者、设计师、工程师、承包商和其他从事气候适应性基础设施工作的人，并将为加拿大实现可持续未来做好准备所需的多学科和多机构联系创造机会。这项研究将是加拿大向前迈出的重大进步，能够更好地评估和调查使城市系统适应气候变化的问题，由于城市系统的使用寿命和性能大幅提高，这将带来可观的经济节约。其他主要贡献之一将是与政府、行业和咨询工程公司合作，在高分辨率城市气候建模和分析领域培训一批高素质人才，这在国内外都有很大需求。国际上。