Quantum computing and cryptography

量子计算和密码学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04862
• 负责人: Mosca, Michele
• 金额: $ 5.39万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716898
• 关键词: Quantum; computing; cryptography

Vision: Seize the immense power of quantum information processing: harness it sooner, with fewer resources, and with more positive impacts. Pro-actively neutralize quantum-enabled attacks and build a stronger cyber immune system. The Challenges: Seizing the quantum opportunities and mitigating the risks require tackling interesting and challenging research challenges, including: a) Developing and improving quantum algorithms for solving important problems with quantum computing resources that are emerging b) Efficiently compiling algorithms to run on hardware in a manner that gives the most quantum advantage with the fewest resources c) Quantifying the quantum vulnerability of new cryptographic algorithms being developed for global standardization d) Developing quantum-safe methods for new emerging cryptographic systems like blockchains and privacy-preserving technologies. My research program will tackle these challenges through the following approaches: a) Focus on two important problem areas:1) simulating quantum systems, and 2) cryptanalysis. b) Focus on implementing the most interesting algorithms on the emerging physical platforms with the fewest resources possible; formulate these challenges as mathematical optimization problems; discover new tools to perform the optimizations. c) Combine the latest algorithmic results, compiling tools, and fault-tolerance overheads to derive quantitative estimates of the resources needed to break the relevant cryptographic algorithms. d) Explore alternative ways to construct the building blocks of cryptographic systems using assumptions that are believed to resist quantum attacks. We will conduct this research alongside a range of students and postdocs, share latest results at schools, workshops and through our open-source platforms. These results will: Drive the discovery of applications and software tools for quantum computing platforms that are emerging preparing the foundation for the new era of applied quantum algorithmics Deliver fundamental knowledge for developing and assessing cryptography in the era with quantum technologies. This research is very timely since: Information, including intellectual property, personal information, and national secrets that are communicated with today's quantum-vulnerable tools are susceptible to being recorded now and exploited later by a range of criminal organizations and state actors. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology will be standardizing a small number of “post-quantum” public-key algorithms in the next 3-4 years. It is imperative that vulnerabilities are discovered before potentially quantum-vulnerable tools become standardized and embedded in a range of technology platforms and tools. Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices are becoming available now. The work I propose will greatly enhance and accelerate their effectiveness in the very short term, and subsequently also for future fault-tolerant quantum computers.

想象： 抓住量子信息处理的巨大力量：以更少的资源更快地利用它，并产生更积极的影响。 主动抵消量子攻击并建立更强大的网络免疫系统。 挑战： 抓住量子机遇并降低风险需要应对有趣且具有挑战性的研究挑战，包括： a) 开发和改进量子算法，以利用新兴的量子计算资源解决重要问题 b）高效编译算法以在硬件上运行，以最少的资源提供最大的量子优势 c) 量化为全球标准化而开发的新密码算法的量子脆弱性 d) 为区块链和隐私保护技术等新兴密码系统开发量子安全方法。 我的研究计划将通过以下方法应对这些挑战： a) 关注两个重要的问题领域：1) 模拟量子系统，2) 密码分析。 b) 专注于以尽可能少的资源在新兴物理平台上实现最有趣的算法；将这些挑战表述为数学优化问题；发现执行优化的新工具。 c) 结合最新的算法结果、编译工具和容错开销，得出破解相关密码算法所需资源的定量估计。 d) 探索构建密码系统构建块的替代方法，使用被认为可以抵抗量子攻击的假设。 我们将与一系列学生和博士后一起进行这项研究，并在学校、研讨会和我们的开源平台上分享最新成果。 这些结果将： 推动新兴量子计算平台的应用程序和软件工具的发现，为应用量子算法的新时代奠定基础 提供在量子技术时代开发和评估密码学的基础知识。 这项研究非常及时，因为： 通过当今的量子脆弱工具传输的信息，包括知识产权、个人信息和国家机密，现在很容易被记录，并在以后被一系列犯罪组织和国家行为者利用。 美国国家标准与技术研究所将在未来 3-4 年内对少量“后量子”公钥算法进行标准化。在潜在的量子脆弱工具标准化并嵌入之前，必须发现漏洞。一系列技术平台和工具。 噪声中尺度量子（NISQ）设备现已上市，我提出的工作将在短期内大大增强和加速其有效性，随后也适用于未来的容错量子计算机。