Non-contingent processes in reading

阅读中的非偶然过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04150
• 负责人: Dixon, Peter
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716175
• 关键词: Non; contingent; processes; reading

Critical processes that unfold while reading, and a great deal of the important effects on the reader, are not tied directly to the words of the text. These processes include affective and aesthetic reactions of the reader, integration of the material with personal knowledge and experience, elaborations and remote inferences, and contemporaneous processes unrelated to reading goals. Such processes do not directly contribute to a mental representation of the text in common models of reading, but are essential nonetheless. I refer to these as non-contingent reading processes to highlight their lack of close connection to the text. In many cases, non-contingent processes are essential for affecting readers' opinions and behaviour, enhancing their enjoyment of the text, and providing motivation for reading in the first place. Thus, an understanding of such processes is an essential part of the analysis of how reading functions in people's lives and in our culture. In the proposed research, I will develop a theoretical framework for understanding non-contingent processes and their implications, and I will implement new paradigms for investigating the related phenomena. In my proposed theoretical framework, I argue that non-contingent processing has three components: a trigger stimulus that initiates the processing, resources and capacities that are needed during the processing, and post-reading effects that can be measured after reading. Based on this analysis, non-contingent processes can be functionally distinguished in terms of their initiating stimuli: Coherence processes are processes that depend on discrepancies among different aspects of the textual information. Relevance processes are those that depend on the relation between the text and the reader's personal knowledge and experience. And finally, extratextual processes are those that are stimulated by events in the environment or unrelated mental events. The proposal funding will support the development of novel reading paradigms that will provide new evidence on each of these different types of processes. While aspects of non-contingent processing have been investigated previously, the present proposal provides the first general account of how such processing is initiated, is carried out, and has its effects. By treating the different types of non-contingent processing within the same theoretical framework, it will be possible to establish the commonalities and functional similarities among them. The proposed research will provide novel approaches to investigating these similarities, and the empirical evidence to be collected will support a common understanding of these phenomena. This understanding will advance the field of discourse processing in a new direction and will further its application to problems of reading comprehension, the acquisition of reading skills, and the role of narrative in our culture.

阅读时展开的关键过程以及对读者的重要影响，与文本的单词无关。这些过程包括读者的情感和审美反应，将材料与个人知识和经验的整合，详尽和远程推论以及与阅读目标无关的同时过程。这样的过程并没有直接有助于常见的阅读模型中文本的心理表示，但仍然是必不可少的。我将其称为非遗嘱阅读过程，以突出它们与文本缺乏紧密的联系。在许多情况下，非征服过程对于影响读者的观点和行为，增强对文本的享受以及首先提供阅读动力至关重要。因此，对这种过程的理解是对阅读在人们生活中和我们的文化中如何发挥作用的分析的重要组成部分。在拟议的研究中，我将开发一个理论框架来理解非固定过程及其含义，并将实施新的范式来研究相关现象。 在我提出的理论框架中，我认为非固定处理具有三个组成部分：触发刺激，启动了处理过程中所需的处理，资源和能力以及阅读后可以测量的阅读后效应。基于此分析，可以在功能上以其启动刺激来区分非固定过程：连贯过程是取决于文本信息不同方面之间差异的过程。相关过程是依赖文本与读者的个人知识和经验之间的关系的过程。最后，突出过程是那些受到环境中事件或无关心理事件的刺激的过程。该提案资金将支持新的阅读范式的发展，这些范式将为每种不同类型的过程提供新的证据。 虽然先前已经研究了非续条处理的各个方面，但本提案提供了第一个关于如何启动此类处理，执行并具有其作用的第一个总体说明。通过在相同的理论框架内处理不同类型的非义务处理，可以在它们之间建立共同点和功能相似性。拟议的研究将提供研究这些相似性的新方法，而收集的经验证据将支持对这些现象的共同理解。这种理解将朝着新的方向推进话语处理领域，并将其应用于阅读理解问题，阅读技能的获取以及叙事在我们的文化中的作用。