How does higher level cognition affect emotion? Neurophysiological and behavioral investigations

更高层次的认知如何影响情绪？

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06384
• 负责人: Blanchette, Isabelle
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716013
• 关键词: How; does; higher; level; cognition; How; does; higher; level; cognition

Emotion and cognition interact in important ways. Much of my previous research has documented that emotions affect reasoning. We know very little about the relation in the other direction: how higher-level cognitive processes contribute to emotion. This is what I will examine in this program of research, examining in particular how abstract thinking may shape emotional responses. According to dual-process models of cognition, Type 2, higher-level cognitive processes, allow for abstract and decontextualized thinking; they are flexible and goal-directed and they rely on working memory. The general aim of my program is to directly, experimentally, manipulate the preponderance of Type 2 processing to examine it's causal impact on emotional responses. We will try to increase or decrease the extent of Type 2 processing using different techniques: forced rapid responses, priming with semantic or abstract reasoning, and priming with abstract or concrete analogies. We will also use repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to alter the activity of certain brain structure that are key in working memory and abstract thinking. Cross-cultural studies will allow us to examine the impact of learning and culture on emotional responses. We will compare emotional and neutral stimuli in reasoning tasks (deductive reasoning) and attentional tasks (visual search; emotional Stroop). We will measure different dimensions of the emotional response: cognitive, self-report, and psychophysiological. Sympathetic arousal will be indexed using heart rate variability and skin conductance. We will use event-related potentials to measure early visual processing (P1) and later, more cognitively complex responses (P300, N400). The main hypothesis we will examine is that when Type 2 processes are primed/available/developed, this magnifies the amplitude of certain emotional responses: the effect of emotion on reasoning, the visual processing of emotional stimuli (P1), the advantage in detecting threatening stimuli (in the visual search task), even physiological responses to emotional stimuli. The proposed research will be novel in examining how higher-level cognitive processes affect emotions. Previous work has shown that specific semantic contents (priming precise thoughts or concepts) can affect emotion. The proposed work is novel in examining whether the process of abstract thinking itself affects emotion. Results of this research could nuance the widespread view that emotions are automatic and reflexive; it could illustrate how intelligence, complex cognitive processes, actually contribute to the construction of human emotion.

情绪和认知以重要方式相互作用。我以前的大部分研究都证明情绪会影响推理。我们对另一个方向的关系知之甚少：高级认知过程如何有助于情感。这是我将在该研究计划中研究的内容，特别是研究抽象思维如何塑造情感反应。 根据认知的双过程模型，第2型，高级认知过程，允许抽象和脱皮思维。它们是灵活的和目标指导的，并且依靠工作记忆。我计划的总体目的是直接，实验地操纵2型处理的优势，以检查其因果反应的因果影响。 我们将尝试使用不同的技术来增加或降低2型处理的程度：强迫快速响应，语义或抽象推理的启动以及使用抽象或混凝土类比进行启动。我们还将使用重复的经颅磁刺激（RTM）来改变某些大脑结构的活性，这是工作记忆和抽象思维的关键。跨文化研究将使我们能够研究学习和文化对情感反应的影响。 我们将在推理任务（演绎推理）和注意任务（视觉搜索；情感障碍）中比较情绪和中性刺激。我们将衡量情绪反应的不同维度：认知，自我报告和心理生理学。同情唤醒将使用心率变异性和皮肤电导索引。我们将使用与事件相关的电位来测量早期视觉处理（P1），然后测量更复杂的复杂响应（P300，N400）。 我们将要研究的主要假设是，当2型过程被启动/可用/开发时，这将放大某些情绪反应的振幅：情绪对推理的影响，情绪刺激的可视化处理（P1），在检测威胁性刺激（在视觉搜索任务中）的优势，甚至对情绪刺激的物理响应。 拟议的研究将在研究高级认知过程如何影响情绪时进行新颖。先前的工作表明，特定的语义内容（启动精确的思想或概念）会影响情绪。拟议的工作是在研究抽象思维本身是否影响情绪的过程中新颖的。这项研究的结果可能会大致认为情绪是自动和反思的。它可以说明智力，复杂的认知过程实际上如何促进人类情感的建立。