Unconventional Petroleum Reservoirs: fluid-rock interactions and induced seismicity during hydraulic fracturing and reservoir characterisation

非常规石油储层：水力压裂和储层表征过程中的流体-岩石相互作用和诱发地震活动

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-03788
• 负责人: Bustin, Robert
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710187
• 关键词: Unconventional; Petroleum; Reservoirs; fluid; rock

Over the last 15 years there has been a paradigm shift in North America from hydrocarbon production from conventional, permeable reservoirs to ultra-low permeability, unconventional reservoirs. The exploitation of unconventional resources is made possible by injection of large volumes (millions of litres) of fluid at high pressures to hydraulically create a permeable fracture network in the reservoir. The process of hydraulically fracturing in some areas result in anomalous induced seismicity (AIS), and the fluids used may damage the reservoir and are viewed by some as potential contaminants. The potential for AIS and real or perceived problems associated with the large volume of fluid utilised are the most important issues currently facing sustainable development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Our research will contribute to: 1) prevention and/or mitigation of AIS due to hydraulic fracturing; 2) understanding fluid rock interactions to minimize reservoir and fluid damage; and 3) better characterisation of reservoirs to optimise exploration and production. Our studies on AIS are multifaceted and include real time monitoring of seismicity during hydraulic completions to develop a traffic light/early warning system that can be used during fracing. The field data will be interpreted in the context of hydraulic fracturing metrics, including pressure, temperature and fluid properties, to understand processes. The results of the field studies will be combined with laboratory and well tests to provide input for numerical models that will be in turn used to develop protocols to prevent or mitigate AIS. To minimize fluid damage to the reservoir we will experiment with drilling and completion fluids on important reservoirs and analyse flowback fluids following hydraulic fracturing. This research will contribute to optimising reservoir completions, and recognising, preventing and/or remediating damage to the reservoir and fluid system. Knowledge of the chemistry and volumes of flowback water will further contribute to the design of fluid blends for recycling, treatment and/or disposal and minimizing total freshwater use. We will continue to develop and refine novel protocols to better characterise reservoir rocks. We will contribute to the fundamental understanding of hydrocarbon storage in and transport through, ultra-fine grained reservoirs utilising well log analyses and laboratory experiments coupled with numerical analyses. We propose to investigate those geological factors controlling the distribution of producible natural gas liquids, condensate, and oil from unconventional reservoirs. Our studies will include well log analyses and laboratory studies to ground truth petroleum system analysis models that will provide insight into the generation, migration and retention of hydrocarbons of important unconventional formations.

在过去的15年中，北美从碳氢化合物的产量从常规的，可渗透的储层转变为非常低的渗透性，非常规的储层。 通过在高压下注入大量（数百万升）的液体以在水库中建立可渗透的断裂网络，从而使非常规资源的剥削成为可能。 在某些区域的水力压裂过程会导致异常诱导的地震性（AIS）和所使用的流体可能损​​坏储层，并被某些人视为潜在污染物。 与使用大量流体相关的AIS以及实际或感知的问题的潜力是目前面临非常规碳氢化合物资源的可持续发展的最重要问题。 我们的研究将有助于：1）由于水力压裂而导致的预防和/或缓解AIS； 2）了解流体岩石相互作用以最大程度地减少储层和流体损害； 3）更好地表征储层以优化探索和生产。 我们对AIS的研究是多方面的，包括对液压完成期间地震性的实时监控，以开发可在缝隙期间使用的交通信号灯/预警系统。 现场数据将在水力压裂指标（包括压力，温度和流体特性）的背景下进行解释，以了解过程。 现场研究的结果将与实验室和井测试相结合，以提供数值模型的输入，这些模型又将用于开发预防或减轻AIS的协议。 为了最大程度地减少对储层的流体损害，我们将尝试在重要储层上进行钻孔和完成液，并在液压压裂后分析回流流体。 这项研究将有助于优化储层完成，并识别，预防和/或修复对储层和流体系统的损害。 对回收水的化学和水量的知识将进一步有助于设计用于回收，治疗和/或处置的流体混合物，并最大程度地减少淡水的总使用量。 我们将继续开发和完善新颖的方案，以更好地表征储层岩石。我们将利用良好的对数分析和实验室实验以及数值分析的实验室实验对碳氢化合物存储和运输的基本了解。 我们建议调查那些控制了来自非常规储层中可生产的天然气液体，冷凝水和油的分布的地质因素。我们的研究将包括良好的对数分析和实验室研究，以基于真实石油系统分析模型，这些模型将洞悉重要的非常规一层地层的碳氢化合物的产生，迁移和保留。