Alteration and Recovery of Lumbar Spine Mechanics to Flexed Postures

腰椎力学向屈曲姿势的改变和恢复

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04900
• 负责人: DeCarvalho, Diana
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709520
• 关键词: Alteration; Recovery; Lumbar; Spine; Mechanics

Society has become aware that sitting for long periods of time is bad. While researchers have shown that sitting is linked with higher risk of developing diseases and earlier death in the long-term, relatively little is known about the short-term effects. Sitting involves a great amount of bending in the spine that directly affects the muscles, nerves and joints of the low back. Changes to these structures can lead to injury resulting in significant impacts on quality of life, the ability to work and productivity levels. It is also interesting that, within the healthy population, some individuals seem to be able to sit extensively without issue whereas others cannot. Currently, we know that long periods in a posture where the back is totally bent causes the spine to become more flexible, lengthens the time it takes for muscles to turn on to protect joints and can cause inflammation in the ligaments of the spine. There is also evidence that the reversal of the above changes takes more than twice the time it took to create them. Applying these research findings to sitting is not completely correct since most work has only looked at maximum bending whereas sitting involves less extreme bending. Similarly, when appropriate postures have been examined, the testing length has been brief and not comparable to real job situations. To date, no researchers have looked at differences between sitting tolerant and intolerant individuals in the healthy population. To address these questions, this program will use healthy, human subjects to investigate changes to the low back, and their persistence, in response to sitting with exposure times and seating types relevant to the workplace. Specifically, changes in back flexibility and muscle activity will be measured and compared between different seats (office, automobile and sit/stand stools), between sitting tolerant/intolerant individuals and between durations (hours, days and one week). The anticipated outcomes of this research program include the determination of: (1) differences in flexibility and/or muscle function between sitting tolerant and intolerant individuals, (2) flexibility and muscle function response to various seating types and exposure times and (3) the persistence of flexibility and muscle changes after short (hours, day) and medium (week) exposures to office sitting. These results will directly lead to targeted workplace interventions and the ability to design appropriate work/rest strategies and evidence-based guidelines to limit exposure to sitting in the workplace. Further, it will contribute to research by providing important information on how the effects of sitting accumulate and persist over time. Since the majority of Canadians spend most of their day sitting at work, the results of this research will have far reaching effects, improving the productivity and performance of workers, and ultimately benefiting the economy and industry.

社会已经意识到，长时间坐着是不好的。尽管研究人员表明，坐着与长期疾病的风险更高，而早期死亡的风险相关，但对于短期影响，相对较少了解。 坐着涉及脊柱中的大量弯曲，这些弯曲直接影响肌肉的肌肉，神经和关节。这些结构的变化会导致伤害，从而对生活质量，工作能力和生产力水平产生重大影响。有趣的是，在健康的人群中，有些人似乎能够在没有问题的情况下进行广泛的坐姿，而另一些人则不能。 目前，我们知道长时间的姿势完全弯曲会导致脊柱变得更加柔韧，从而延长了肌肉打开以保护关节所需的时间，并可能引起脊柱韧带的炎症。 也有证据表明，上述变化的逆转花费了创建它们所需的时间的两倍以上。 将这些研究结果应用于坐下并不是完全正确的，因为大多数工作仅考虑最大弯曲，而坐着涉及极端弯曲。同样，在检查了适当的姿势时，测试长度是简短的，与实际工作情况不相同。 迄今为止，尚无研究人员研究健康人群中宽容和不宽容的个体之间的差异。 为了解决这些问题，该计划将使用健康的人类受试者来调查腰部的变化及其持久性，以应对与工作场所相关的曝光时间和座位类型的响应。具体而言，将测量背部柔韧性和肌肉活动的变化，并比较不同座位（办公室，汽车和坐姿/凳子），坐姿宽容/不宽容的个体以及持续时间（小时，天数和一周）之间的不同座椅（办公室，汽车和坐姿/凳子）。 该研究计划的预期结果包括：（1）耐受性和不宽容的个体之间的柔韧性和/或肌肉功能的差异，（2）灵活性和肌肉功能对各种座椅类型以及暴露时间的响应以及（3）短暂的柔韧性和肌肉变化的持久性（每天）和（每天）和（每周）和（每周）和（每周）和中等（每周）和中等（每周）和中等）。 这些结果将直接导致有针对性的工作场所干预措施，并具有设计适当的工作/休息策略和基于证据的指南以限制坐在工作场所中的曝光率的能力。此外，它将通过提供有关坐姿如何随着时间积累和持续存在的重要信息，从而有助于研究。 由于大多数加拿大人大部分时间都坐在工作上，因此这项研究的结果将产生较远的影响，提高工人的生产力和绩效，并最终使经济和行业受益。