Impact Cratering: Processes, Products and Effects

撞击坑：过程、产品和影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06230
• 负责人: Osinski, Gordon
• 金额: $ 5.46万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691880
• 关键词: Impact; Cratering; Processes; Products; Effects

Impact cratering is a fundamental and ubiquitous geological process in the Solar System. It is considered the most important surface process on the Moon, Mercury, asteroids, and over large parts of the more geologically active planets of Mars and Venus. There is also growing awareness that meteorite impact events have also played an important role throughout Earth's history, shaping the geological landscape, affecting the evolution of life, and producing mineral and hydrocarbon deposits of major economic significance. This research program will further our understanding of meteorite impact events and their beneficial scientific and economic effects. This is particularly important for Canada, which draws such a huge amount of wealth from the mining within the Sudbury impact structure the richest mining district in North America. ******The central guiding theme of the proposed research is Meteorite Impacts - Processes, Products, and Effects. The overarching goal and long-term (5+ years) objective of my research is to investigate and to quantify the potential beneficial effects of meteorite impact events on Earth, from the generation of new, unique habitats for life to the formation of mineral deposits of economic potential. To understand these beneficial effects, the short-term (years 15) Objectives of the proposed research is to investigate three key Processes involved in the formation of meteorite impact structures, namely:******Objective 1) Understand how rocks are metamorphosed and melted during impact events;***Objective 2) Understand how impact ejecta is emplaced;***Objective 3) Understand how hydrothermal systems within impact craters develop and evolve.******This work focuses on comparative study of impact craters on the Earth, Moon and Mars, with a focus on the study of craters ~240 km in diameter within different types of target rocks and in different states of preservation. This will enable the differentiation of local effects and features of specific craters from more general features of impact craters. Fieldwork forms the foundation for this research coupled with the investigation of samples with a series of cutting-edge analytical techniques. In addition to fieldwork at the Haughton, Mistastin Lake, Ries, Rochechouart, and West Clearwater Lake impact structures, this research also capitalizes on the transfer of the Impact Crater Collection of the Geological Survey of Canada, which has recently been transferred to Western. This collection comprises ~8 km of drill core from Canadian craters as well as ~8,000 hand samples and ~3,100 thin sections from craters in Canada and from around the world. Field and laboratory observations will be synthesized through this research program to develop a generic model for the modification of an impact crater, from the development of an impact hydrothermal system, followed by sedimentary infilling and/or erosion.

撞击壁是太阳系中的一个基本和无处不在的地质过程。它被认为是月球，汞，小行星以及火星和金星较大的地质活跃行星的大部分地区上最重要的表面过程。人们也越来越意识到陨石影响事件在整个地球历史上也发挥了重要作用，塑造了地质景观，影响生命的演变，并产生具有重大经济意义的矿物质和碳氢化合物沉积物。该研究计划将进一步了解陨石影响事件及其有益的科学和经济影响。这对于加拿大尤其重要，加拿大从萨德伯里影响结构内的采矿中吸引了如此巨大的财富。北美最富有的采矿区。 ******拟议研究的中心指导主题是陨石影响 - 过程，产品和效果。我的研究的总体目标和长期（5年以上）的目标是调查和量化陨石影响事件对地球的潜在有益影响，从产生新的独特生命栖息地到形成经济潜力的矿物质。要了解这些有益的效果，拟议研究的短期目标（15年）是调查涉及陨石影响结构的三个关键过程，即：******目标1）了解岩石在影响事件中变态和融化; ***目标如何; ***目标2）目标2）理解射击的影响范围；对地球，月球和火星的冲击坑的比较研究，重点是对不同类型的目标岩石和不同保存状态内直径约240 km的陨石坑的研究。这将使特定陨石坑的局部效应和特征的特征与影响陨石坑的更一般特征的区分。现场工作构成了这项研究的基础，再加上使用一系列尖端分析技术对样品进行研究。除了在Haughton，Mistastin Lake，Ries，Rochechouart和West Clearwater Lake Impact结构的实地调查外，这项研究还利用了最近已转移到西部的加拿大地质调查局的影响火山口收集的转移。该系列包括加拿大陨石坑的钻头芯，以及约8,000个手工样本和约3,100个薄片，来自加拿大和世界各地。该研究计划将合成现场和实验室观察结果，以开发一个通用模型，以通过影响热液系统的发展，然后进行沉积填充和/或侵蚀。