Impacts of climate change, extreme weather events and management activities on managed conifer and deciduous forests

气候变化、极端天气事件和管理活动对管理针叶林和落叶林的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06108
• 负责人: Arain, Muhammad
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688273
• 关键词: Impacts; climate; change; extreme; weather; Impacts; climate; change; extreme; weather

Forests provide numerous environmental, ecological, social and economic benefits to society. A large portion of forests in eastern Canada and US are plantation or managed forests of different ages that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) to offset some of the fossil fuel emissions. These forests have been a large carbon (C) sink over the last many decades due to recovery from past harvesting, agricultural abandonment and afforestation. However, recent studies indicate that they are being affected by changes in regional climate and extreme weather events such as drought, floods and heat waves. Climate warming has accelerated the hydrological cycle. Changes in forest hydrological cycle alter its growth and soil and plant nutrient cycling, which feeds-back on both carbon and water cycles and regional climate. There is an urgent need to determine the impact of environmental changes on carbon, water and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems --in particular in different-age plantation and managed stands to fully understand their functioning and response to future climate change and extreme weather events. We have established four flux tower sites, including three conifer age-sequence (75, 40, 12 year old) afforested stands and a managed deciduous (>80 year old) stand. All four stands are located in Long Point Region Conservation Authority watershed.***This proposal will investigate the impact of changes in forest hydrology and nutrient cycling on the carbon sequestration potential of three different-age conifer stands and a deciduous forest and how these forests will respond to future climate change and extreme weather events. It will also focus on to further develop terrestrial ecosystem and hydrological models (e.g. C and N coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme - Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CLASS-CTEM+N) used in Canadian Earth System Model and a regional hydrological model (MIKE-SHE) to explore the biophysical, biogeochemical and hydrological feedbacks in forest ecosystems. Long-term eddy covariance fluxes and regional hydrological data will be combined in these ecosystem and hydrological models to explore climate change and extreme weather impacts. This Proposal will also investigate the economic attractiveness and carbon sequestration related benefits of conifer afforestation across Canada using CLASS-CTEM+N generated forest growth estimates for various Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, AR5) climate change scenarios. Quantification of the responses of managed forests to climate changes will help environmental planners to develop adaptation strategies for their growth and survival. Implementation of CLASS-CTEM+N model in Canadian Earth System Model will provide an assessment tool to generate scenarios of future climate for policy development by the Federal Government and IPCC and help Canada meet its international obligations.**

森林为社会提供了许多环境，生态，社会和经济利益。加拿大东部和美国的大部分森林是吸收大气二氧化碳（CO2）的种植园或托管森林，以抵消一些化石燃料的排放。由于过去的收获，农业遗弃和造林，这些森林在过去的几十年中一直是一个大碳（C）。但是，最近的研究表明，它们受到区域气候和极端天气事件的变化的影响，例如干旱，洪水和热浪。气候变暖加速了水文周期。森林水文循环的变化改变了其生长和土壤和植物养分循环，这在碳和水周期和区域气候上都可以进食。迫切需要确定环境变化对森林生态系统中碳，水和养分循环的影响 - 特别是在不同年龄的人工林中，并且托管立场以充分了解其对未来气候变化和极端天气事件的功能和反应。我们已经建立了四个通量的塔楼，包括三个针叶树年龄序（75、40、12岁）的现场架子和一个托管的落叶摊位（> 80岁）。 ***该提议将研究森林水文学和营养循环对三个不同年龄针叶树林区和落叶林的碳封存潜力的变化的影响，这些提案将研究森林水文和养分循环的变化的影响，这些森林将如何应对未来的气候变化和极端天气事件。它还将重点介绍进一步开发陆地生态系统和水文模型（例如，加拿大的C和N耦合加拿大地表方案 - 加拿大地球系统模型中使用的加拿大陆地生态系统模型（CLASS-CTEM+N），以及区域水文模型（Mike-She），用于探索生物物理，生物地球化学和水文杂货的森林和森林中的森林杂货。区域水文数据将在这些生态系统和水文模型中结合在一起，以探索气候变化，并且该建议还会研究加拿大整个CAST-CTEM+N产生的森林增长估计的经济吸引力和碳固执的益处，以使各种面板对气候变化（IPCC）的跨越森林的影响。环保计划者为其成长和生存制定适应策略。在加拿大地球系统模型中实施类CTEM+N模型将提供一个评估工具，以生成联邦政府和IPCC的未来氛围，以实现未来的氛围，并帮助加拿大履行其国际义务。**