Population and landscape genomics of rapidly evolving gene motifs and introgressive hybridization and their role in adaptation

快速进化的基因基序和渐渗杂交的群体和景观基因组学及其在适应中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05637
• 负责人: Wilson, Paul
• 金额: $ 2.77万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=687186
• 关键词: Population; landscape; genomics; rapidly; evolving

We are currently in a period of global warming that is having dramatic effects on species distributions worldwide. Geographic expansions of northern range boundaries are occurring for many species, while the range margins at their southern peripheral distribution are impacted by less suitable habitat and increased isolation resulting from anthropogenic activities and increased biotic stress. Furthermore, notable increases in hybridization are resulting from more secondary contact between previously isolated species. These distributional changes and species interactions will have profound effects on biodiversity and ecological processes. Understanding how standing genetic variation and genomic elements operating at higher rates of change, and hybridization all contribute to adaptability will be important to determining a wildlife population's "response capacity" or "adaptive potential". Targeting gene motifs that may rapidly change to key up with the rate of environmental change is an important first step and coding trinucleotide repeats, most commonly associated with human genetic diseases, may in fact be important natural agents under selection that can keep pace with the contemporary climate change and range redistribution into novel environments. The advancement of next-generation sequencing platforms applied to characterizing these repeats in comprehensive studies of flying squirrels (Glaucomys) and deer mice (Peromyscus) will contribute to our understanding of the genomics of adaptation associated with these variable coding repeat motifs. Furthermore, these species have undergone very recent hybridization, thereby allowing an assessment of the transfer of genes between the southern and northern species within each genera. A study on domesticated mink compared to wild populations, as well as areas where escape farmed mink and wild mink interbreed, will further assess the potential dynamic nature of these repeat motifs having experienced significant shifts in selection pressures in captivity, with subsequent escape and re-entry into natural surroundings and interbreeding with natural local populations. A molecular genetic study of these "model" species will provide important insight into the role rapidly evolving genomic elements and the capacity of hybridization have on facilitating a populations ability to adapt to changing local environments. This research is important for government researchers, policy makers as well as industry to more fully understand the mitigation that will be required with significant range re-distribution of wildlife species and species-at-risk in the future, and not just the current "snapshot" of the environmental landscape. This will yield more effective management strategies to maintain the adaptive potential of natural populations given the increasing development of natural resource industries in Canada. **

我们目前正在全球变暖时期，对全球物种分布产生巨大影响。许多物种都发生了北部范围边界的地理扩展，而其南部外围分布的范围则受到较不合适的栖息地的影响，并且由于人为活性和增加的生物压力而导致的分离增加。此外，杂交的显着增加是由于先前分离的物种之间的次要接触而产生的。这些分布变化和物种相互作用将对生物多样性和生态过程产生深远的影响。了解以更高的变化率运行的遗传遗传变异和基因组元素如何有助于适应能力，这对于确定野生动植物种群的“反应能力”或“适应性潜力”至关重要。靶向可能迅速变化以与环境变化速率键合的基因基序是重要的第一步，并且编码三核苷酸重复序列，最常见的是与人类遗传疾病有关，实际上可能是正在选择的重要自然药物，可以与当代的气候变化保持同步，并将其范围归类为新颖的环境。在飞行松鼠（glaucomys）和鹿小鼠（peromyscus）的全面研究中，适用于这些重复序列的下一代测序平台的进步将有助于我们理解与这些可变编码重复基序相关的适应性基因组学。此外，这些物种已经发生了最近的杂交，从而评估了每个属内南部和北部物种之间基因的转移。与野生种群相比，对驯化的貂皮的研究以及逃生的耕种貂和野生貂皮交织的区域将进一步评估这些重复基序的潜在动态性质，并在圈养的选择压力上经历了重大变化，随后逃脱并重新进入自然环境，并与自然局部人群交织在一起。对这些“模型”物种的分子遗传研究将为迅速发展的基因组元素的作用以及杂交能力在支持人群适应不断变化的本地环境的能力方面提供重要的见解。这项研究对于政府研究人员，政策制定者以及行业至关重要，可以更充分地了解将来需要对野生动植物物种和风险物种的重大分布所需的缓解，而不仅仅是当前环境环境格局的“快照”。鉴于加拿大自然资源行业的发展增加，这将产生更有效的管理策略，以保持自然种群的适应性潜力。 **