Factors influencing the sorption and mineralization of pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens in soil.

影响土壤中农药、抗菌剂和雌激素吸附和矿化的因素。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06030
• 负责人: Farenhorst, Annemieke
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=686633
• 关键词: Factors; influencing; sorption; mineralization; pesticides

My established research program focuses on pesticides applied in Canadian crop production, and on antimicrobials and estrogens that are introduced to agricultural soils because of applications of livestock manures or human wastes. The pathways by which pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens distribute and dissipate in the environment are relatively similar and, when transported to surface and ground waters, these compounds decrease the quality of Canadian water resources. The Canadian government uses pesticide fate models in assessing the risks that pesticides pose to water resources. In the calculations used by current models, the sorption of pesticides in soil is assumed to be constant over time. However, in reality, pesticide sorption in soil continues to increase over time (i.e., aged sorption) and so this information needs to be integrated into regulatory assessments. Over the next five years, for selected pesticides, this research will quantify the impact of soil-textures and soil-landscape variability on the values of aged sorption parameters that can then be used by the Canadian government as inputs in order to improve pesticide fate model calculations. Biochars are solid carbon-rich residues derived through the pyrolysis of biomass. It has been proposed that biochars can mitigate the movement of pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens from agricultural soils to water, and also remove these contaminants during water and wastewater treatment. However, many questions remain and so, through a range of projects, including method development, this research will advance the knowledge of how biochars interact with pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens in soil and water systems. Trainees will examine whether (and, if so, how) biochar amendments can impact the rate of microbial degradation of these organic chemicals, and also whether biochars can impact pesticide sorption over time. Such studies will take into consideration the possibility that the physicochemical characteristics of biochars in soil may change over time, and will investigate how these changes could impact sorption and microbial degradation processes. The research will provide opportunities for one postdoctoral fellow, two Ph.D., two M.Sc. and five B.Sc. students to receive comprehensive training in technical skills that are in high demand by potential employers within agricultural and environmental sectors. Their research findings will assist the Canadian government in improving the accuracy of the predicted pesticide transport from soil to water. Their work will also help to determine whether there are advantages to using biochar applications in Canadian crop production systems, and in water and wastewater treatment strategies. The research results will be published in international journals to impact the future work of scientists in a range of disciplines.

我既定的研究计划着重于在加拿大农作物生产中应用的农药，以及由于牲畜肥料或人类废物的应用而引入农业土壤的抗菌和雌激素。农药，抗菌剂和雌激素在环境中分布和消散的途径相对相似，并且在运输到地面和地面水域时，这些化合物会降低加拿大水资源的质量。加拿大政府使用农药命运模型来评估农药对水资源的构成风险。在当前模型使用的计算中，假定土壤中农药的吸附是随着时间的流逝恒定的。但是，实际上，土壤中的农药吸附会随着时间的流逝而继续增加（即吸附），因此需要将这些信息整合到监管评估中。在接下来的五年中，对于选定的农药，这项研究将量化土壤的文字和土壤 - 土地景观变异性对陈年吸附参数的价值的影响，然后加拿大政府可以将其用作投入，以改善农药命运模型计算。生物塑料是通过生物质热解衍生的富碳残基。有人提出，生物塑料可以减轻农药，抗菌和雌激素从农业土壤到水的运动，也可以在水和废水处理期间去除这些污染物。但是，通过一系列项目，包括方法开发，这项研究仍然存在许多问题，这项研究将促进对土壤和水系统中生物ch虫如何与农药，抗菌和雌激素相互作用的知识。受训者将检查（如果是这样，）生物炭修改是否会影响这些有机化学物质的微生物降解速率，以及生物char是否会随着时间的推移影响农药的吸附。这样的研究将考虑到土壤中生物铬的物理化学特征可能会随着时间而变化的可能性，并将研究这些变化如何影响吸附和微生物降解过程。这项研究将为一位博士后研究员，两位博士，两位硕士提供机会。和五个B.Sc.学生要接受有关农业和环境部门潜在雇主需求高的技术技能培训。他们的研究结果将有助于加拿大政府提高预测的农药从土壤到水的准确性。他们的工作还将有助于确定在加拿大农作物生产系统以及水和废水处理策略中使用生物炭应用是否有优势。研究结果将在国际期刊上发表，以影响一系列学科的科学家的未来工作。