Nonlinear Assessment and Optimization Methods for Concrete Structures

混凝土结构的非线性评估与优化方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05643
• 负责人: Bentz, Evan
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684002
• 关键词: Nonlinear; Assessment; Optimization; Methods; Concrete

The current practice of Canadian structural engineering is based on traditional analysis methods that go back many years and have shown themselves to be safe, economical and efficient. At the same time there are analysis and design methods in Canadian and International Universities that go well beyond this level of understanding and allow structures to be designed and built which have a series of advantages: a) improved safety against unexpected events such as earthquakes, b) lower overall cost for the same, or higher, level of safety, and c) higher efficiency in terms of lower consumption of energy-intensive construction materials. The problem with these advanced methods is that they tend to be slow to operate and complex to use.******Over the past decades, there has also been a dramatic increase in computer power and structural engineers are not yet using that in the most efficient way possible. Indeed we are now at the state where it is possible to achieve some of the goals in the first paragraph with computers doing the optimization process "by themselves" with the engineer merely watching the computer act. This form of unguided optimization is of a concern from the perspective of generation of understanding for engineers but it hasn't generally been a problem yet as the analysis tools are often too complex to be used with optimization methods anyway. Given that such tools are now possible, however, there is a research need to develop optimization methods which include the engineer as a fundamental part of the process.******To achieve design optimization of this type, it is necessary that the faster methods of analysis be extended to 3D. In my previous NSERC Discovery grant I planned to generate efficient 2D methods of analysis that more accurately can predict building behaviour accounting for the nonlinear aspects of cracking, yielding and crushing of the concrete. This has now been achieved and it is now possible to extend this to 3D models of buildings with slabs and walls. This type of modelling will allow optimization of 3D buildings to go ahead reasonably efficiently ******While using computers to optimize designs will allow more efficient structures to be designed, it will also be necessary to develop the optimization process in a way that increases the engineer's understanding of the problems rather than decreasing it as "blind" optimization could do. Thus it will be a key component of the proposed guided optimization that human beings remain part of the design process as the skills generated from that are what are needed to diagnose problems in buildings and come up with truly new design options for the future. That is: the design process must itself be designed to ensure that Canadian engineers remain at the forefront of methods and technologies used around the world.**

当前的加拿大结构工程实践是基于传统的分析方法，这些方法可以追溯到很多年前，并且已经证明自己是安全，经济和高效的。同时，在加拿大和国际大学中，有分析和设计方法远远超出了这种理解水平，并允许设计和建造具有一系列优势的结构：a）改善对意外事件的安全性，例如地震，b）较高的总体或更高的总体成本，c）较高的安全水平较高的安全性，而较低的能源较低的能源效率较高的能源较低的效率较低。这些高级方法的问题在于它们往往运行速度慢且使用复杂。******在过去几十年中，计算机功率也急剧增加，结构工程师尚未以最有效的方式使用它。 确实，我们现在处于可能在第一段中实现某些目标的状态，而计算机则“自己”“自己”进行优化过程，而工程师只是观看计算机行为。从对工程师的理解产生的角度来看，这种非引导优化形式引起了人们的关注，但是通常这并不是一个问题，因为分析工具通常太复杂，无法与优化方法一起使用。 但是，鉴于现在有可能进行此类工具，因此有一项研究需要开发优化方法，包括工程师作为过程的基本组成部分。******为了实现此类设计优化，有必要将更快的分析方法扩展到3D。 在我以前的NSERC Discovery Grant中，我计划生成有效的2D分析方法，这些方法更准确地可以预测建筑行为对混凝土的破裂，屈服和压碎的非线性方面。 现在已经实现了这一目标，现在可以将其扩展到带有平板和墙壁的建筑物的3D模型。 这种类型的建模将允许优化3D建筑物可以合理地进行******，同时使用计算机来优化设计将允许设计更有效的结构，也将有必要以增强工程师对问题的理解而不是减少问题而不是“盲目”优化的方式来开发优化过程。因此，这将是拟议的指导优化的关键组成部分，即人类仍然是设计过程的一部分，因为从中产生的技能是诊断建筑物中问题并为未来提供真正的新设计选择所需的。 也就是说：设计过程本身必须旨在确保加拿大工程师仍然处于世界各地使用的方法和技术的最前沿。**