Dynamics and functions of pelagic copepod communities in a changing Arctic Ocean.

变化的北冰洋中上层桡足类群落的动态和功能。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05433
• 负责人: Maps, Frédéric
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=681462
• 关键词: Dynamics; functions; pelagic; copepod; communities

The long-term goal of the proposed research is to develop the predictive capabilities of numerical models of Arctic marine ecosystems. The acquisition of new knowledge in marine ecology is currently outpaced by the acceleration of changes faced by marine ecosystems, particularly in the Arctic where the impacts of climate warming are the strongest on our planet. Yet, modern approaches using powerful computers can provide the means for effective forecasting of the impacts of these environmental changes on marine ecosystems. *This research will focus on zooplankton. Zooplankton is an essential interface between the microbes and animals, between the phytoplankton (unicellular plants) and the predators from the higher trophic levels (fishes, whales, birds.), between the thin surface layer receiving the sun's energy and the dark and cold ocean's depths. Copepods are a group of zooplankton that incarnates this critical role. These small crustaceans are so successful that they actually are the most numerous animals on Earth. In the Arctic, a handful of keystone copepod species form communities that are essential hubs of energy and matter transfer. Copepods transform the intense but short spring phytoplankton bloom into an energy-dense biomass (lipids) available for higher trophic levels during a much longer period of time. As a result copepods play a key role in both trophic networks and biogeochemical cycles of important elements such as carbon or nitrogen.**The proposed five-year research plan aims at exploring the mechanisms underpinning the Arctic copepod communities' organization, operation and response to environmental forcing. Students under my supervision and myself will follow four specific objectives in order to better understand:*(1) how the fitness of copepods from species found in Arctic marine ecosystems should respond to various environmental conditions when isolated from other species*(2) how inter-specific interactions in a community alter species-specific responses studied in point (1)*(3) how the individual and population-level processes studied in points (1) and (2) scale-up to shape stable copepod communities*(4) how changes in copepod communities influence trophic transfers in Arctic marine ecosystems**In order to achieve these objectives, we will use a combination of theoretical modelling approaches and applied bio-physical regional 3D models of the Canadian seas. The models will be supported by numerous observations collected during several tens of years of Canadian research efforts in the Arctic and acquired in upcoming sampling missions, as well as from international collaborators. *Major changes in Arctic marine ecosystems are already observed and more are expected to come. Numerical modelling is one powerful avenue of research that can help enhancing our mechanistic understanding of these highly specialized ecosystems. Efficient mechanistic models of zooplankton communities are currently very rare and none exist for the Arctic. The innovative numerical methods that will be developed during this research will keep Canadian research at the forefront of marine ecology. It will also help addressing pressing management issues such as the development of new fisheries in the Arctic, the implementation of marine reserves according to Canada's commitments or legal obligations, or the impacts of new kinds of anthropic hazards (oil spills among others) on Arctic marine ecosystems.

拟议的研究的长期目标是发展北极海洋生态系统数值模型的预测能力。目前，海洋生态学中新知识的获取因海洋生态系统所面临的变化的加速而超过了，尤其是在北极，气候变暖的影响是我们星球上最强的。但是，使用强大计算机的现代方法可以为有效预测这些环境变化对海洋生态系统的影响提供手段。 *这项研究将重点放在浮游动物上。浮游动物是微生物和动物之间，浮游植物（单细胞植物）与较高营养水平（鱼类，鲸鱼，鸟类）之间的捕食者之间的重要界面，在接收到太阳的能量和黑暗和冷海的深处之间的薄表面层之间。 CopePods是一组浮游动物，可以化身这一关键作用。这些小型甲壳类动物是如此成功，以至于它们实际上是地球上数量最多的动物。在北极中，少数基石copepod物种形成了社区，这些社区是能量和物质转移的基本枢纽。 Copepods将强度但短的春季浮游生物转变为能量浓密的生物量（脂质），可用于更长的时间内，可用于更高的营养水平。结果，CopePods在营养网络和重要元素（例如碳或氮的生物地球化学周期）中都起着关键作用。在我的监督下和我自己的学生将遵循四个具体目标，以便更好地理解：*（1）与其他物种隔离时，北极海洋生态系统中发现的copepods的适应性如何应对各种环境条件*（2）在社区中特定的互动中特定于社区的特定物种特定响应中的特定物种响应中如何研究（1）的量表（3），并在个人和人群中进行了研究（3）（3），这是如何（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3） CopePod社区*（4）CopePod社区的变化如何影响北极海洋生态系统中的营养转移**为了实现这些目标，我们将使用理论建模方法和应用加拿大海洋的生物形态区域3D模型的结合。这些模型将得到在加拿大数十年的北极研究工作中收集的许多观察结果，并在即将进行的采样任务以及国际合作者中获得的。 *已经观察到北极海洋生态系统的重大变化，预计将会有更多的变化。数值建模是一个强大的研究途径，可以帮助增强我们对这些高度专业生态系统的机械理解。浮游动物社区的有效机械模型目前非常罕见，北极不存在。在这项研究中将开发的创新数值方法将使加拿大研究处于海洋生态的最前沿。它还将有助于解决紧迫的管理问题，例如在北极发展新渔业，根据加拿大的承诺或法律义务的实施海洋储备，或新型人类危害（石油溢油）对北极海洋生态系统的影响。