Land-climate interactions and feedbacks in high-latitude regions

高纬度地区土地-气候相互作用和反馈

基本信息

批准号：
371808-2013
负责人：
Sushama, Laxmi
金额：
$ 2.4万
依托单位：
McGill University
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=666247
关键词：
Land climate interactions feedbacks latitude

项目摘要

The Canadian high-latitude regions, with their innumerable lakes, wetlands, rivers and permafrost, and their complex interactions with the atmosphere offer significant challenges to climate modellers. These interactions, though important, are difficult to investigate due to the scarcity of relevant observations and the complexity of underlying processes and feedbacks. The central aim of the proposed research program is to improve understanding of the high-latitude land-climate interactions and feedbacks through numerical experiments with a regional climate model and available observations. The main questions that will be addressed include the impact of changing cryospheric elements such as permafrost, thermokarst lakes, snow cover and lake-ice on land-climate interactions and feedbacks from current to future climate, role of peatlands in modulating permafrost evolution, importance of groundwater-climate interactions and the role of land-atmosphere feedbacks in modulating extreme temperature and precipitation events across Canada, which have not been investigated extensively so far. Interactions between the atmosphere and the underlying surface are important and determine the evolution of many near-surface fields. The results of the research will be readily transferable for their operational implementation in regional climate models, which will then support more physically realistic simulations of surface and sub-surface climate processes over Canada and the Arctic region and can be applied in climate-change assessment studies to provide government and commercial agencies with the most accurate projections of future climate conditions, at a wide range of temporal horizons. This will yield a solid platform on which Canada's provincial and federal governments can plan for future climate change.

加拿大高纬度地区拥有无数的湖泊、湿地、河流和永久冻土，其与大气的复杂相互作用给气候建模者带来了重大挑战。这些相互作用虽然很重要，但由于相关观察的缺乏以及潜在过程和反馈的复杂性而难以调查。拟议研究计划的中心目标是通过区域气候模型和现有观测数据进行数值实验，提高对高纬度陆地气候相互作用和反馈的理解。将解决的主要问题包括不断变化的冰冻圈要素（例如永久冻土、热喀斯特湖、积雪和湖冰）对陆地气候相互作用的影响以及当前到未来气候的反馈，泥炭地在调节永久冻土演化中的作用，地下水-气候相互作用以及陆地-大气反馈在调节加拿大各地极端温度和降水事件中的作用，迄今为止尚未得到广泛研究。大气与下垫面之间的相互作用非常重要，决定了许多近地表场的演化。研究结果将很容易转移到区域气候模型的操作实施中，从而支持对加拿大和北极地区的地表和次表层气候过程进行更物理真实的模拟，并可应用于气候变化评估研究为政府和商业机构提供广泛时间范围内未来气候条件的最准确预测。这将为加拿大省级和联邦政府提供一个坚实的平台来规划未来的气候变化。