Accounting for Hydrologic and Land-Atmospheric Functions of Man-Made Reservoirs across Canadian Regions

考虑加拿大各地区人造水库的水文和陆地-大气功能

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05470
• 负责人: Nazemi, Alireza
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=660725
• 关键词: Accounting; Hydrologic; Land; Atmospheric; Functions

Manmade reservoirs are key to water resource management in Canada and throughout the world, and are used for multiple purposes, ranging from hydropower production to water supply, flood protection and recreation. Despite major socio-economic benefits, massive environmental changes are associated with reservoir operation. Most importantly, significant regulative effects are associated with reservoirs' impoundment, which can severely perturb the streamflow regime and surface water storage in time and space. In addition, reservoirs alter the natural land cover to open water, and therefore, perturb the water and energy fluxes between the land and the atmosphere. This may further interact with local and regional climate, and lead to a new form of “anthropogenic climate change”, beyond the emission of Greenhouse Gases.***Addressing the regulative and land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs requires representing their functions through generic mathematical algorithms and including them into the structure of large-scale models for impact assessment. Despite urgent need for improved quantitative understanding, current modeling and prediction capability is widely incomplete and is subject to large uncertainty. Most fundamentally, the land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs are wholly unaccounted. In addition, existing algorithms for representing the regulative effects of reservoirs have major limitations and result into considerable bias in simulating current and future effects of reservoirs. Such gaps necessitate major scientific developments towards improved representation of reservoir operation and their regulative and land-atmospheric effects at larger scales.***This 5-years research program is proposed to put a major step towards improved assessment of current and future effects of reservoirs on water, energy and climate cycles. The short-term scope of this program is on developing improved models for assessing the regulative and land-atmospheric effects of Canadian reservoirs and has three objectives: (1) developing new algorithms for improved representation of regulative effects of reservoir operation; (2) developing coupled representations of regulative and land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs through the novel framework of Unified Reservoir Models, proposed in this program; and (3) assessing current and future effects of reservoir operation on local and basin-wide streamflow and land-atmospheric fluxes across a range of Canadian regions. Apart from providing a set of genetic modeling tools that can be used in other regions and globally, this program offers a first-hand understanding on current and future extents of hydrologic and land-atmospheric changes as a result of reservoir operation in Canada and can inform adaptation and mitigation efforts at local and catchment scales. **

人造水库是加拿大乃至全世界水资源管理的关键，具有多种用途，从水力发电到供水、防洪和娱乐，尽管水库运行具有重大的社会经济效益，但也带来了巨大的环境变化。最重要的是，水库的蓄水会产生显着的调节作用，这会在时间和空间上严重扰乱水流状况和地表水储存，此外，水库将自然土地覆盖改变为开放水，从而扰乱水。和之间的能量通量这可能会进一步与当地和区域气候相互作用，并导致超出温室气体排放的新形式的“人为气候变化”。***解决水库的常规影响和陆地-大气影响需要尽管迫切需要改进定量理解，但目前的建模和预测能力普遍不完整，并且存在很大的不确定性。 - 大气影响此外，现有的用于表示水库调节效应的算法存在很大的局限性，并且在模拟水库当前和未来的影响方面存在很大的偏差，因此需要在改进水库运行及其调节和调节的表示方面进行重大科学发展。更大规模的陆地-大气影响。***这项为期 5 年的研究计划旨在朝着改进水库当前和未来对水、能源和气候循环影响的评估迈出重要一步。该计划的范围是开发改进的模型来评估加拿大水库的调节和陆地大气影响，并具有三个目标：（1）开发新的算法以改进水库运行的调节效应的表示；（2）开发调节的耦合表示；通过本计划提出的统一水库模型的新框架来研究水库的陆地-大气影响；(3) 评估水库运行对当地和流域范围内的水流和陆地-大气的当前和未来影响；除了提供一套可在其他地区和全球使用的遗传建模工具外，该计划还提供了对当前和未来水文和陆地大气变化程度的第一手了解。加拿大水库运营的情况，可以为当地和流域规模的适应和缓解工作提供信息**。