Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon

确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06229
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    加拿大
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助国家:
    加拿大
  • 起止时间:
    2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Many stocks of Pacific salmon are experiencing continued and severe declines despite reductions in fishing effort and the implementation of conservation and mitigation initiatives. This prolonged decline of salmon stocks is particularly prevalent in Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon, where declines have been observed range-wide, but especially in southern BC. The sustained low return rates of southern British Columbia salmon stocks over the last 20 years have been attributed to a combination of unfavorable marine conditions during early life such as climate change, variability in prey availability, predation risk, disease, habitat degradation, or human stressors other than fishing. While the causes of Pacific salmon declines are likely multifactorial, it is generally recognized that persistently unfavourable ocean conditions and poor marine survival played a major role in these declines. Salmon mortality rates generally exceed 90-95% during the marine stages of their life. Much of this loss is thought to occur in coastal environments as a consequence of either heavy predation upon ocean entry and/or due to winter starvation. Here, we will take a multidisciplinary approach to elucidate the interacting effects of ocean conditions, growth, phenology, and physiological performance on variation in survival of early ocean juvenile Chinook and sockeye salmon. **Specific objectives include: 1/ Quantifying the links between early growth and mortality by assessing the role of early marine growth and condition to survival of juvenile salmon from otolith microstructure, length frequency analyses, and energy dynamics; 2/ Experimentally testing how juvenile salmon respond to climate and food variability during early marine life; 3/ Testing the relationship between winter severity and resiliency to starvation on growth, survival, and vulnerability to predation as a function of size; and 4/ Quantifying energetic levels, stress indicators, parasite loads and diversity, and building genomic profiles related to stress conditions. **Our general hypotheses include: 1/ Variability in the timing, size at entry, and early of growth of salmon entering the marine environment will be correlated to size before winter and survival. Earlier entry may match earlier climate-change induced spring blooms leading to increased growth rates and higher survival. And, faster growing individuals should exhibit less size-selective mortality. The outcome of the interplay between phenology and growth will depend on conditions such as temperature and food availability, which we will test experimentally; 2/ Lipid levels will increase with body size, vary with temperature and ration, but generally decline through the winter; 3/ We predict that food limitation and/or low growth will increase vulnerability to predation due to differences is risk-taking behaviour; and 4/ We predict strong responses to temperature extremes and low food rations. Under these conditions growth and lipid accumulation should be reduced, stress levels increased, parasite loads and diversity elevated, aggressive behavior more common, and vulnerability to predation increased. In addition we expect that those genes coding for proteins related to thermal and food deprivation stress such as heat shock proteins and growth hormone receptors will vary across tissues and treatments.**Our results will provide missing information needed to evaluate when and where early marine mortality is acting, the extent of size selectivity, and the potential mechanisms responsible for the observed mortality. By assessing the extent and causes of early marine mortality in juvenile salmon, this project will improve our understanding of the factors limiting the production of Pacific salmon in the marine environment.
尽管捕捞量减少并实施了保护和缓解举措,但许多太平洋鲑鱼种群仍在持续严重下降。鲑鱼种群的长期下降在奇努克鲑鱼和红鲑鱼中尤为普遍,在这些地区都观察到了鲑鱼种群数量的下降,尤其是在不列颠哥伦比亚省南部。过去 20 年来,不列颠哥伦比亚省南部鲑鱼种群的回报率持续偏低,其原因是生命早期不利的海洋条件,例如气候变化、猎物可用性的变化、捕食风险、疾病、栖息地退化或人类压力因素除了钓鱼之外。虽然太平洋鲑鱼数量减少的原因可能是多因素的,但人们普遍认为,持续不利的海洋条件和海洋生存状况不佳是导致鲑鱼数量减少的主要原因。鲑鱼在其生命的海洋阶段死亡率通常超过 90-95%。 据认为,这种损失大部分发生在沿海环境中,是由于入海时的严重捕食和/或冬季饥饿造成的。 在这里,我们将采用多学科方法来阐明海洋条件、生长、物候和生理性能对早期海洋幼年奇努克鲑鱼和红鲑鱼生存变化的相互作用的影响。 **具体目标包括: 1/ 通过耳石微结构、长度频率分析和能量动力学评估早期海洋生长和条件对幼鲑生存的作用,量化早期生长和死亡率之间的联系; 2/ 通过实验测试幼年鲑鱼在早期海洋生命期间如何应对气候和食物变化; 3/ 测试冬季严酷程度与生长、生存和捕食脆弱性与饥饿弹性之间的关系(作为体型的函数); 4/量化能量水平、应激指标、寄生虫负载和多样性,并构建与应激条件相关的基因组图谱。 **我们的一般假设包括: 1/鲑鱼进入海洋环境的时间、进入时的大小和生长早期的变化将与冬季之前的大小和生存相关。较早进入可能与气候变化引起的春季开花相匹配,从而提高生长速度和提高存活率。 而且,生长较快的个体应该表现出较低的体型选择性死亡率。 物候和生长之间相互作用的结果将取决于温度和食物供应等条件,我们将通过实验来测试这些条件; 2/ 脂质水平会随着体型的大小而增加,并随温度和日粮的变化而变化,但在整个冬季通常会下降; 3/ 我们预测,由于冒险行为的差异,食物限制和/或低增长将增加被捕食的脆弱性; 4/我们预测对极端温度和低食物配给的强烈反应。 在这些条件下,生长和脂质积累应该减少,应激水平增加,寄生虫负载和多样性增加,攻击行为更常见,并且被捕食的脆弱性增加。此外,我们预计那些编码与热和食物匮乏应激相关的蛋白质(例如热休克蛋白和生长激素受体)的基因将因组织和治疗的不同而有所不同。 **我们的结果将提供评估早期海洋死亡时间和地点所需的缺失信息作用、尺寸选择性的程度以及导致观察到的死亡率的潜在机制。通过评估幼年鲑鱼早期海洋死亡的程度和原因,该项目将增进我们对海洋环境中限制太平洋鲑鱼生产的因素的了解。

项目成果

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Juanes, Francis其他文献

Effects of density during freshwater and early marine rearing on juvenile sockeye salmon size, growth, and migration
  • DOI:
    10.3354/meps12279
  • 发表时间:
    2017-09-14
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.5
  • 作者:
    Freshwater, Cameron;Trudel, Marc;Juanes, Francis
  • 通讯作者:
    Juanes, Francis
Feeding ecology of piscivorous fishes.
  • DOI:
    10.1002/9780470693803.ch12
  • 发表时间:
    2002-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Juanes, Francis;Buckel, Jeffrey A.;Scharf, Frederick S.
  • 通讯作者:
    Scharf, Frederick S.
Assessing Indices of Growth for Field Studies of Juvenile Salmon: An Experiment and Synthesis
  • DOI:
    10.1002/mcf2.10020
  • 发表时间:
    2018-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.7
  • 作者:
    Duguid, William D. P.;Iwanicki, Thomas W.;Juanes, Francis
  • 通讯作者:
    Juanes, Francis
Fine-scale spatiotemporal variation in juvenile Chinook Salmon distribution, diet and growth in an oceanographically heterogeneous region
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102512
  • 发表时间:
    2021-03-15
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.1
  • 作者:
    Duguid, William D. P.;Iwanicki, Thomas W.;Juanes, Francis
  • 通讯作者:
    Juanes, Francis
FishCam: A low-cost open source autonomous camera for aquatic research.
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00110
  • 发表时间:
    2020-10
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.2
  • 作者:
    Mouy, Xavier;Black, Morgan;Cox, Kieran;Qualley, Jessica;Mireault, Callum;Dosso, Stan;Juanes, Francis
  • 通讯作者:
    Juanes, Francis

Juanes, Francis的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Juanes, Francis', 18)}}的其他基金

Deconstructing the ecology of aquatic soundscapes to mitigate the effects of noise pollution on marine species
解构水生声景生态以减轻噪音污染对海洋物种的影响
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2021-03288
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Deconstructing the ecology of aquatic soundscapes to mitigate the effects of noise pollution on marine species
解构水生声景生态以减轻噪音污染对海洋物种的影响
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2021-03288
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Optimization of ecosystem monitoring methods along the north coast of British Columbia, Canada
加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省北海岸生态系统监测方法优化
  • 批准号:
    507569-2017
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Engage Grants Program
Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon
确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06229
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon
确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06229
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon
确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06229
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon
确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06229
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon
确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制
  • 批准号:
    418670-2013
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Is sound production by deep sea fishes widespread?
深海鱼类的发声现象是否普遍存在?
  • 批准号:
    418670-2012
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual

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HIV 抗逆转录病毒药物和胎盘功能障碍 - 确定导致胎儿生长不良的机制
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Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon
确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06229
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Identifying mechanisms leading to size-selective mortality in the early marine phase of juvenile Pacific salmon
确定导致幼年太平洋鲑鱼早期海洋阶段尺寸选择性死亡的机制
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06229
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    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.48万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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