The role of awareness in explicit and implicit visuomotor adaptation

意识在显性和隐性视觉运动适应中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04160
• 负责人: Cressman, Erin
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=648289
• 关键词: role; awareness; explicit; implicit; visuomotor; role; awareness; explicit; implicit; visuomotor

Motor adaptation is the process whereby our sensorimotor system modifies or shapes previously learned movements to meet changing task demands. For example, we might need to adapt our movements to internal neuromuscular changes brought about by age, disease, or fatigue, etc., or to external environmental changes such as a new pair of prescription glasses or an icy sidewalk. The long-term goal of my research is to determine how the brain processes sensory information for goal-directed action in a continuously changing environment. In the short-term, the proposed research will investigate the role of awareness (e.g., strategies and/or instructions provided) in how movements are adapted to meet novel sensorimotor demands. This adaptation can arise both explicitly (e.g., a strategy is adopted consciously in order to meet changing task demands) and implicitly (e.g., movements are adapted without conscious awareness) at the same time. Through a series of three projects, I will address the following current questions surrounding awareness and motor adaptation:***1. Does awareness influence the extent of explicit and implicit adaptation over time? ***2. Is the ability to generalize explicit and implicit adaptation to novel environments dependent on awareness? ***3. Does awareness influence the preparation and execution of explicitly and implicitly adapted movements? ***In order to evaluate the role of awareness in motor adaptation, I will monitor the extent to which human participants explicitly and implicitly adapt their reaching movements in a novel visual environment when awareness is manipulated. Specifically, participants will reach in a virtual reality environment when the visual representation of their hand on a computer screen is shifted relative to their actual hand location (much the same as using a mouse to control a cursor on a computer monitor). To manipulate awareness, some participants will be instructed on how to act within the novel environment, while others will not be aware that the environment has changed. ***Results will provide insight into the role of awareness on motor preparation and execution to meet changing task demands. Furthermore, understanding the influence of awareness on explicit and implicit adaptation has important implications for interactions with virtual-reality devices (e.g., flight simulators), teleoperations (e.g., remote surgery) and robotics, as well as the design of and instructions provided during motor training and rehabilitation programs. For example, providing instructions may promote initial learning (i.e., explicit adaptation), such that performance improves quickly. However, this quick learning may have an associated cost. Specifically, continually evoking strategies may lead to increased preparation time and inefficient movements in the long term (i.e., limited implicit adaptation).

电机适应性是我们的感觉运动系统修改或形状以前学到的运动以满足任务需求的过程。例如，我们可能需要将运动调整为因年龄，疾病或疲劳等带来的内部神经肌肉变化，或者对外部环境变化（例如新的处方眼镜或冰冷的人行道）。我的研究的长期目标是确定大脑如何在不断变化的环境中为目标指导的动作处理感官信息。在短期内，拟议的研究将调查意识的作用（例如，提供的策略和/或指示）如何适应运动以满足新型感觉运动需求的方式。这种适应性可以显式地发生（例如，有意识地采用策略以满足变化的任务需求），也可以隐含地（例如，在没有意识意识的情况下进行运动）。通过一系列三个项目，我将解决围绕意识和运动适应的以下当前问题：*** 1。意识是否会随着时间的流逝影响明确和隐式适应的程度？ *** 2。是否可以概括明确和隐性适应新的环境的能力？ *** 3。意识是否会影响明确和隐式改编的运动的准备和执行？ ***为了评估意识在运动适应性中的作用，我将在操纵意识时，在新颖的视觉环境中明确和隐式地适应了人类参与者在多大程度上适应其触手可及的运动。具体而言，当他们的手在计算机屏幕上的视觉表示相对于实际的手位置而移动时，参与者将在虚拟现实环境中达到（与使用鼠标在计算机监视器上控制光标的情况大致相同）。为了操纵意识，将指示一些参与者有关如何在新颖环境中采取行动，而另一些参与者则不会意识到环境已经改变。 ***结果将为满足不断变化的任务需求的运动准备和执行方面的意识的作用提供洞察力。此外，了解意识对显式和隐性适应的影响对与虚拟现实设备（例如飞行模拟器），远程手术（例如远程手术）和机器人技术以及在运动训练和康复计划中提供的设计以及提供的设计以及提供的设计和指导都具有重要意义。例如，提供说明可能会促进初始学习（即明确的适应性），以便绩效迅速提高。但是，这种快速学习可能会有相关的成本。具体而言，持续唤起策略可能会导致长期的准备时间和效率低下的运动（即有限的隐式适应性）。