The role of awareness in explicit and implicit visuomotor adaptation

意识在显性和隐性视觉运动适应中的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04160
• 负责人: Cressman, Erin
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=648289
• 关键词: role; awareness; explicit; implicit; visuomotor

Motor adaptation is the process whereby our sensorimotor system modifies or shapes previously learned movements to meet changing task demands. For example, we might need to adapt our movements to internal neuromuscular changes brought about by age, disease, or fatigue, etc., or to external environmental changes such as a new pair of prescription glasses or an icy sidewalk. The long-term goal of my research is to determine how the brain processes sensory information for goal-directed action in a continuously changing environment. In the short-term, the proposed research will investigate the role of awareness (e.g., strategies and/or instructions provided) in how movements are adapted to meet novel sensorimotor demands. This adaptation can arise both explicitly (e.g., a strategy is adopted consciously in order to meet changing task demands) and implicitly (e.g., movements are adapted without conscious awareness) at the same time. Through a series of three projects, I will address the following current questions surrounding awareness and motor adaptation:***1. Does awareness influence the extent of explicit and implicit adaptation over time? ***2. Is the ability to generalize explicit and implicit adaptation to novel environments dependent on awareness? ***3. Does awareness influence the preparation and execution of explicitly and implicitly adapted movements? ***In order to evaluate the role of awareness in motor adaptation, I will monitor the extent to which human participants explicitly and implicitly adapt their reaching movements in a novel visual environment when awareness is manipulated. Specifically, participants will reach in a virtual reality environment when the visual representation of their hand on a computer screen is shifted relative to their actual hand location (much the same as using a mouse to control a cursor on a computer monitor). To manipulate awareness, some participants will be instructed on how to act within the novel environment, while others will not be aware that the environment has changed. ***Results will provide insight into the role of awareness on motor preparation and execution to meet changing task demands. Furthermore, understanding the influence of awareness on explicit and implicit adaptation has important implications for interactions with virtual-reality devices (e.g., flight simulators), teleoperations (e.g., remote surgery) and robotics, as well as the design of and instructions provided during motor training and rehabilitation programs. For example, providing instructions may promote initial learning (i.e., explicit adaptation), such that performance improves quickly. However, this quick learning may have an associated cost. Specifically, continually evoking strategies may lead to increased preparation time and inefficient movements in the long term (i.e., limited implicit adaptation).

运动适应是我们的感觉运动系统修改或塑造先前学习的运动以满足不断变化的任务需求的过程。例如，我们可能需要使我们的动作适应年龄、疾病或疲劳等引起的内部神经肌肉变化，或者适应外部环境变化，例如一副新的处方眼镜或结冰的人行道。我研究的长期目标是确定大脑如何在不断变化的环境中处理感官信息以实现目标导向的行动。在短期内，拟议的研究将调查意识（例如，提供的策略和/或指令）在如何适应运动以满足新的感觉运动需求方面的作用。这种适应可以同时出现，即明确的（例如，有意识地采取策略以满足不断变化的任务需求）和隐含的（例如，在无意识的情况下调整动作）。通过一系列的三个项目，我将解决以下当前围绕意识和运动适应的问题：***1。随着时间的推移，意识会影响显性和隐性适应的程度吗？ ***2.对新环境的显性和隐性适应的概括能力是否依赖于意识？ ***3.意识是否会影响显式和隐式改编动作的准备和执行？ ***为了评估意识在运动适应中的作用，我将监测当意识被操纵时，人类参与者在新的视觉环境中显式和隐式地适应他们的到达动作的程度。具体来说，当参与者在计算机屏幕上的手的视觉表示相对于他们的实际手位置移动时（与使用鼠标控制计算机显示器上的光标非常相似），参与者将到达虚拟现实环境。为了操纵意识，一些参与者将被指导如何在新环境中采取行动，而其他参与者则不会意识到环境已经发生了变化。 ***结果将深入了解意识在运动准备和执行方面的作用，以满足不断变化的任务需求。此外，了解意识对显性和隐性适应的影响对于与虚拟现实设备（例如飞行模拟器）、远程操作（例如远程手术）和机器人的交互以及运动过程中提供的设计和指令具有重要意义。培训和康复计划。例如，提供指令可以促进初始学习（即显式适应），从而使性能快速提高。然而，这种快速学习可能会产生相关成本。具体来说，从长远来看，持续的唤起策略可能会导致准备时间增加和动作效率低下（即有限的内隐适应）。