Development of Nanostructured Coatings for Lightweight Materials with Enhanced Properties

开发具有增强性能的轻质材料纳米结构涂层

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06102
• 负责人: Nie, Xueyuan
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=638226
• 关键词: Development; Nanostructured; Coatings; Lightweight; Materials

Automotive industry has been continuously seeking a lighter material to replace a heavy material for weight reduction. For instance, aluminium (Al) engine has been proposed to replace heavy cast iron engine, and Al sheet is used to replace heavy steel sheet for car body panel. However, such replacements have to face tremendous technical challenges. In this proposed research program, the objective of research is to develop nanostructured coatings to provide aluminium alloys with enhanced multifunctionality, such as high surface hardness, high wear resistance, low friction, and desired thermal management properties. The research program will include three subprograms: 1) Oxide Coatings on Al-Si Alloys with Improved Tribological Properties through Chemical Doping and Surface Morphology Manipulation for, e.g., applications of engine block and piston; 2) Flexible Ceramic Coatings on Al Foils for Heat Shield and Exchanger; and 3) Development of Lightweight Nanolaminated Materials with Enhanced Impact Resistance for, e.g., vehicle armouring. Due to the nanostructured coatings technology, lightweight Al materials can extend their applications to a wider scope. The lightweight, low friction and improved thermal management will benefit vehicles to increase fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emission.Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis will be used to identify surface morphology, microstructure, grain sizes and interfaces between laminates. Tensile, compression and bending tests will be carried out to investigate mechanical strengths of the ceramic/metallic composite materials. The friction and wear tests as well as surface hardness and impact tests (against surface scratch, dent and impact) will be performed. The thermal conductivity and emissivity of the oxide/Al composite materials will be measured. The performance of the coatings will be evaluated not only on set of testing coupons but also on actual components. High-performance benefits of the coatings in this particular project include the reduction of friction and improvement of tribological characteristics for Al engines, enhancement of thermal management property for Al sheet (heat shields) and plates (heat exchangers), and strengthening of impact and indentation resistance of Al car body panels. The developed process would be also applicable to magnesium and titanium alloys. Mass and friction reduction as well as thermal management are directly related to fuel efficiency. If 20% vehicles use the proposed coating technology, leading to say 2% improved fuel efficiency, 3 billion litres of fuel will be saved each year. If the same percentage (20%) vehicles produced in Canada (1.6 million vehicles annual production in Canada) use the developed technology creating $30 dollars/vehicle, 100 highly paid jobs can be generated. Therefore, this proposed project will be very significant in environmental protection and job creation for Canada. The research project will provide the HQP training (four Ph.D. and four Master's students) and technical advancement in Canadian auto and manufacturing sectors.

汽车行业一直在不断寻求更轻的材料来代替重量减轻重量的重量。例如，已经提出了铝（AL）发动机来代替重型铸铁发动机，Al板用于代替厚厚的钢板用于汽车车身面板。但是，此类替代者必须面临巨大的技术挑战。在该拟议的研究计划中，研究的目的是开发纳米结构涂层，以提供铝合金具有增强的多功能性，例如高表面硬度，高磨损耐药性，低摩擦力和所需的热管理特性。该研究计划将包括三个子程序：1）通过化学掺杂和表面形态操纵（例如，发动机块和活塞的应用），通过化学掺杂和表面形态操纵具有改善的摩擦学特性的Al-Si合金上的氧化物涂层； 2）在Al Foils上的柔性陶瓷涂料，用于隔热罩和换冰机； 3）开发轻巧的纳米胶质材料，具有增强的抗冲击力性，例如车辆装甲。由于纳米结构涂料技术，轻质AL材料可以将其应用扩展到更广泛的范围。轻巧，低摩擦和改善的热管理将使车辆有益于提高燃油效率并减少CO2发射。扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析将用于识别表面形态，晶粒尺寸，晶粒尺寸和跨层之间的接口。将进行拉伸，压缩和弯曲测试，以研究陶瓷/金属复合材料的机械强度。将进行摩擦和磨损测试以及表面硬度和冲击测试（针对表面刮擦，凹痕和冲击）。将测量氧化物/AL复合材料的热导率和发射率。涂料的性能不仅将在一组测试优惠券上评估，而且还将在实际组件上进行评估。涂料在该特定项目中的高性能益处包括减少AL发动机的摩擦和改善摩擦学特征，增强Al板的热管理特性（隔热罩）和板（热交换器）（热交换器），以及增强Al Car车身面板的撞击和压力抵抗力。开发的工艺也适用于镁和钛合金。质量和摩擦减少以及热管理与燃油效率直接相关。如果20％的车辆使用拟议的涂料技术，导致燃油效率提高了2％，则每年将节省30亿升的燃料。如果加拿大生产的相同百分比（20％）（加拿大的160万辆汽车生产）使用开发的技术创造30美元/车辆，则可以产生100个高薪工作。因此，这个提议的项目在加拿大的环境保护和创造就业方面将非常重要。该研究项目将在加拿大汽车和制造业领域提供HQP培训（四个博士学位和四名硕士学生）和技术进步。